Respondents were allowed to skip questions save for important demographic questions that determined the nature of other survey items. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. 34 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?, 2022. Hispanics are also the nation's largest immigrant group and one of its fastest growing populations. Looking forward, immigrants and their descendants are projected to account for 88% of U.S. population growth through 2065, assuming current immigration trends continue. When it comes to online discussions of politics, 28 percent of U.S.-born citizens posted comments about political issues on an online forum, compared to 18 percent of foreign-born citizens and 14 percent of non-citizens. However, the major distinction has to do with the intensity of this feeling, exemplified by the sharp difference in the share of respondents who report being very comfortable with friends of the opposite faith: 52 percent of Hindus are very comfortable having close Muslim friends, while 46 percent of Muslims are very comfortable having close Hindu friends. Texas, Florida and New York had more than 4 million immigrants each. Pew Research Center estimates indicate that in 2065, those who identify as Asian will make up some 38% of all immigrants; as Hispanic, 31%; White, 20%; and Black, 9%. Since 1965, when U.S. immigration laws replaced a national quota system, the number of immigrants living in the U.S. has more than quadrupled. Whereas 53 percent of foreign-born Hindu Indian Americans affiliate with a caste group, 34 percent of U.S.-born Hindu Indian Americans do the same. To a certain extent, however, many of these factors are inseparable. The margin of error for the full sample of 1,200 respondents is +/- 2.8 percent. They alone account for 4.6% of the civilian labor force, a dip from their peak of 5.4% in 2007. Nearly one in four respondents reports no particular attachment to a state of origin. Mexico is the top origin country of the U.S. immigrant population. The ordering in table 2 roughly corresponds with the map shown below. The United States has more immigrants than any other country in the world. While the majority are immigrants, a rising share . The examination of partisanship, in turn, further distinguishes between partisan support in India and in the United States.43. On the matter of campaign finance, one-fifth of U.S.-born citizens report contributing to a political campaign, while just 13 percent of foreign citizens and 5 percent of non-citizens said they did so. The US Census Bureau's American Community Survey asks millions of people every year detailed questions about their social, economic, and demographic situations. Indian Americans who have no allegiance to either major party hold slightly asymmetric views as well. Therefore, the map above looks at the country other than Mexico that is the birthplace of the most foreign-born respondents in the survey. Furthermore, the earlier version of the chart incorrectly showed thepartialyear shares of Hispanic and Asian recent arrivals in 2015; the correctedcompleteyear shares are 31% and 36%, respectively. Follow. Indian Americans who are born in the United States are more likely to identify as Indian American (48 to 40 percent) and markedly less likely to identify as Indian (just 11 percent compared to 33 percent of foreign-born Indian Americans). The western state of Gujarat emerges as the most common home state, with 14 percent of respondents calling it their home, followed by Maharashtra (12 percent), Andhra Pradesh (10 percent), and Tamil Nadu (9 percent). Furthermore, respondents who did not disclose a caste identity were dropped from the data set. Within strata, matches were selected by weighted sampling with replacements (using the person weights on the ACS public use file). according to a 2015 Pew Research Center survey, Texas, Washington, New York and California, California (24%), Texas (11%) and Florida (10%), 7.6 million immigrant workers are unauthorized immigrants, drive future growth in the U.S. working-age population, Spanish is the most commonly spoken language, more apprehensions of non-Mexicans than Mexicans, Key facts about U.S. immigration policies and Bidens proposed changes, Most Latinos say U.S. immigration system needs big changes, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, The changing face of Congress in 8 charts. Table 2 presents results of the most common languages among respondents, restricting attention to languages identified by at least 2 percent of respondents. The second part examines the social networks of Indians in America and how they vary by respondents demographic characteristics. Stay up to date with what you want to know. Among Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents, 88% think immigrants strengthen the country with their hard work and talents, and just 8% say they are a burden. Figure 30 provides the geographic distribution of survey respondents by state of residence. The survey asks respondents if they are a member of any Indian American organization or group, such as a cultural, regional, religious, caste, community, or school-based organization. Immigration will continue to shape our communities for generations to come. As the number of Indian-origin residents in the United States has swelled north of 4 million, the communitys diversity too has grown. Overall, the Indian American population is highly educated compared to the U.S. average (see figure 3), as other studies have suggested.19 Nearly three-fourths have a college education40 percent of respondents have completed a postgraduate education and another 33 percent have finished four years of undergraduate study. Nearly half of all Muslims (48 percent) say they attend religious services regularly as well. This margin of error is calculated at the 95 percent confidence interval. But self-identification as a person of Indian origin tells us little about the strength of a respondents Indian identity. Thirty-seven percent of Congress supporters are somewhat comfortable having friends who support the BJP (identical to the share of BJP supporters who are somewhat comfortable having Congress friends), but just 23 percent say they are very comfortable having BJP supporters as friends (for BJP supporters, the analogous share is 35 percent). Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 9, 2021, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800. Fourteen percent of non-citizens are on F-1, J-1, or M-1 visascategories of student or scholar visaswhile another 5 percent hold an L-1 visa, a designation available to employees of an international company with offices in the United States. CORRECTION (Sept. 21, 2020): An update to the methodology used to tabulate figures in the chartAmong new immigrant arrivals, Asians outnumber Hispanicshas changed all figures from 2001 and 2012. At the time, most immigrants from what was then British India were in fact Sikhs, not Hindus. 37 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, The Integration of Immigrants into American Society (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2015). This final section examines how respondents relate to the Indian American community. Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. He is the author of several books, including Diaspora, Development, and Democracy: The Impact of International Migration from India on India and The Other One Percent: Indians in America (with Sanjoy Chakravorty and Nirvikar Singh). Thirty-one percent respond that it is a major problem, 53 percent believe it is a minor problem, and a small minority (17 percent) believe it is not a problem at all. One might expect that foreign-born respondents might face greater discrimination given that they are more likely to bear obvious markers that tie them to India (such as accents or dress). Seventy-four percent of Hindu respondents who report not identifying with a caste nevertheless know enough to be able to identify the caste identities of their social networks. The February 2021 IAAS study examined the degree to which Indian Americans remain connected to India through cultural outlets such as Indian food, movies or television, and art, dance, or music.38 This paper looks at one additional aspect of cultural engagement: participation in select holidays regularly celebrated in India. The February 2021 IAAS paper found that almost seven in ten Hindus approve of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis performance, while just one in five Muslims feel the same.34 However, without longitudinal data, it is unclear to what extent the religious divide reflects the specificities of the current contextin which Muslims in India feel especially marginalized and discriminated againstor is instead a product of longer-term trends. Country. The low rate of political giving for non-citizens is expected given that non-citizens are forbidden from making political donations unless they are permanent residents (that is, they possess a green card). For a daily dose of the most relevant Dallas News! Predictably, responses vary by place of birth (see figure 13). Send a Message. However, when compared to their foreign-born counterparts, U.S.-born Indian Americans are four times as likely to report having a spouse or partner who is of Indian origin but born in the United States (31 percent versus 8 percent). In fiscal 2019, a total of 30,000 refugees were resettled in the U.S. White immigrants to America, 80 percent . Minnesota has proportionally fewer immigrants compared to the nation as a whole, but we have long been a state shaped by immigration. Somali immigrants are the second-largest immigrant group in Minnesota. Caste has long been a sensitive and controversial issue in discussions about the Indian American community. The previous section demonstrated that, for many Indian Americans, shared religious affiliation is the most important characteristic of respondents social networks. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Business Insider identified the country of origin of the largest group of foreign-born residents in each state. U.S.-born citizens report the highest levels of civic engagement, followed by foreign-born citizens and, in all categories save for one, non-citizens report the lowest levels of civic engagement. May 3, 2016. Overall, the Obama administration deported about 3 million immigrants between 2009 and 2016, a significantly higher number than the 2 million immigrants deported by the Bush administration between 2001 and 2008. Share with Friends Add To Playlist. Indian Americans are the second-largest immigrant group in the United States. For instance, a March 2020 Pew survey found that 79 percent of Americans agree that there is a lot or some discrimination against African Americans. Once more, U.S.-born citizens lead the pack with 22 percent of them reporting participation in this activity. In eight states, Canadian immigrants made up the second-largest group, and in four states, the second-most common country of origin was the Philippines. Another way of examining respondents regional connections in India is to look at their linguistic backgrounds. In a complex, changing, and increasingly contested world, the Carnegie Endowment generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and safeguard peace. While immigration has been at the forefront of a national political debate, the U.S. public holds a range of views about immigrants living in the country. The propensity scores were grouped into deciles of the estimated propensity score in the frames and post-stratified according to these deciles.57. In the last few years, there has been much greater recognition of the discrimination faced by minority groups in the United States. To measure interreligious social distance, the survey asks respondents how comfortable they would be having close friends that are Hindu or Muslim. Followed by Cushite-Beja-Somali, Hmong, and Vietnamese. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. In the same exchange, Biden later added: One of the reasons why were such an incredible country is were such a diverse country. The United States is home to the largest number of immigrants a person who comes to a country to take up permanent residence (whether lawfully or unlawfully) on the planet. In 2018, the top country of origin for new immigrants coming into the U.S. was China, with 149,000 people, followed by India (129,000), Mexico (120,000) and the Philippines (46,000). The population of immigrants is also very diverse, with just about every country in the world represented among U.S. immigrants. Based on these portraits, here are answers to some key questions about the U.S. immigrant population. Check your email for details on your request. Other popular home states include Delhi (9 percent), Punjab (8 percent), and Kerala (7 percent). These are some questions this paper attempts to address. Andrew Daniller and Hannah Gilberstadt, Key Findings About Voter Engagement in the 2020 Election, Pew Research Center, December 14, 2020, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/12/14/key-findings-about-voter-engagement-in-the-2020-election/. If the rate of population growth and influx of new immigrants from the region continues in the next couple of years, Asians will be the largest immigrant group by 2055 according to the Center. The label Indian origin itself masks variation in terms of ones place of birth. Give Orange. The smaller the size of a given group, the fewer opportunities individuals have of meeting someone from their same group. This quiz has not been published by Sporcle, Open a modal to take you to registration information, Button that open a modal to initiate a challenge, Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield, Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield, Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield, Continents by Number of Countries in Order, Last Letters Minefield: Countries of Asia, Last Letters Minefield: Countries of Europe, Find the Provinces of Canada - No Outlines Minefield, UK Immigrant Origin Countries by Continent. Overall, 89 percent of Hindus and Muslims apiece report they are very or somewhat comfortable having friends of the other faith. The Government of India maintains an Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) designation for persons of Indian origin residing abroad who do not hold Indian citizenship. Devesh Kapur is the Starr Foundation Professor of South Asian Studies and director of Asia Programs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). In addition to new arrivals, U.S. births to immigrant parents will be important to future growth in the countrys population. The data in figure 26 show that one in two Indian Americans reports being subject to some form of discrimination in the past year. These data suggest that the vast majority of the Indian immigrant population in the United States were already highly educated prior to arriving in the country. Muslims and Christians are significantly more likely than Hindus to say that religion is very important to thema gap of nearly 30 percentage points. Second, while respondents suggest Indians hold somewhat greater responsibility for engaging in discriminatory practices along religion and gender lines, here too they point mainly to non-Indians or a combination of Indians and non-Indians as primary sources of discrimination. Homophilythe tendency of individuals to associate with people similar to themselvesis a strong determinant of social networks.41 But which dimensionreligion, region of origin, or castedrives ones associations? Here's How the Answer Got So Complicated, Time, March 12, 2020, https://time.com/5800209/asian-american-census/. 56 To find details on the Economist-YouGov collaboration or to compare some of the IAAS findings on Indian Americans with the American population more generally, visit https://today.yougov.com/topics/economist/survey-results. Malayalam (6 percent), Urdu (5 percent), Marathi (4 percent), and Kannada (3 percent) round out the list. Figure 14 disaggregates the results by place of birth and citizenship status. You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers. citizens. View Reports-/5-RATE QUIZ. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Black Americans. 47 Andrew Daniller, Majorities of Americans See At Least Some Discrimination Against Black, Hispanic and Asian People in the U.S., Pew Research Center, March 18, 2021, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/03/18/majorities-of-americans-see-at-least-some-discrimination-against-black-hispanic-and-asian-people-in-the-u-s/. This could be the result of circumstance and context, or it could be the product of social distancethe relative distance that one feels toward members of an out-group (religious, ethnic, partisan, and so on) relative to members of ones own in-group. By race and ethnicity, more Asian immigrants than Hispanic immigrants have arrived in the U.S. in most years since 2009. The next most common responsethose claiming no religious affiliation (a category that includes agnostics and atheists)accounts for 16 percent of the sample. The composition of immigrants changed again in the post-1965 immigration era. As the profile of the Indian American community has grown, so too has its economic, political, and social influence. Immigrant Population by State and County This map displays the geographic distribution of immigrants in the United States by country of origin. 28 Dutt, The Specter of Caste in Silicon Valley; Jennifer Medina, Debate Erupts in California Over Curriculum on Indias History, New York Times, May 4, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/us/debate-erupts-over-californias-india-history-curriculum.html. South Korea 16,244. Today, more than 40 million people living in the U.S. were born in another country, accounting for about one-fifth of the worlds migrants. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Russias Growing Footprint in Africas Sahel Region, The Method Behind Putins New START Madness, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/03/04/remarks-by-president-biden-in-a-call-to-congratulate-the-nasa-jpl-perseverance-team-on-the-successful-mars-landing/, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCf6RE2L2FpvA6mny2Y_Xtof_zdJpFdC/view, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/Pop_Estimate/UnauthImmigrant/unauthorized_immigrant_population_estimates_2015_-_2018.pdf, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-03-11/how-big-tech-is-importing-india-s-caste-legacy-to-silicon-valley?sref=QmOxnLFz, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/07/13/new-lawsuit-shines-light-caste-discrimination-us-around-world/, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/opinion/caste-cisco-indian-americans-discrimination.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/18/nyregion/asian-hate-crimes.html, https://time.com/5800209/asian-american-census/, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/14/how-will-indian-americans-vote-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-82929, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-states-2019, https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf, https://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/, https://www.pewforum.org/2021/01/14/measuring-religion-in-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel/, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/us/debate-erupts-over-californias-india-history-curriculum.html, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02697381/document, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/12/14/key-findings-about-voter-engagement-in-the-2020-election/, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/17/which-party-is-more-to-blame-for-political-polarization-it-depends-on-the-measure/, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/03/18/majorities-of-americans-see-at-least-some-discrimination-against-black-hispanic-and-asian-people-in-the-u-s/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/, https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/on-india-a-fracture-in-the-diaspora-101612878777662.html, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/13/the-power-of-indians-abroad/, https://www.pewresearch.org/methods/2016/05/02/evaluating-online-nonprobability-surveys/, https://today.yougov.com/topics/finance/articles-reports/2016/05/13/pew-research-yougov, https://today.yougov.com/topics/economist/survey-results, http://www.asasrms.org/Proceedings/y2009/Files/303309.pdf. Brazil 16,746. Hindus are also more likely than Muslims or Christians to state that they pray a few times a month, seldom, or never.27, Finally, the survey explores the issue of caste. According to IAAS data, 54 percent of respondents report belonging to the Hindu faith (see figure 6). Other states only made the top five list for short periods of time. She studies misinformation, media effects, and political behavior and employs survey and experimental methods in her work. The longer immigrants have lived in the U.S., the greater the likelihood they are English proficient. 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW For instance, the social networks of an Indian American in Wyoming (where there are very few Indian Americans) will likely be dominated by non-Indian Americans. 52 Arthur G. Rubinoff, The Diaspora as a Factor in U.S.-India Relations, Asian Affairs: An American Review 32, no. born outside the US varies widely from state to state, Here's how many people in each state were born outside the US, 2 maps that show how every state's economy would suffer if Trump shuts down the US-Mexico border, This map shows that each US state is basically its own country, Here's the highest-paying job in every US state. Florida, fourth in 2016 in the share of residents who are foreign-born, first made an appearance on the list in 1980. . Immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States.In absolute numbers, the United States has a larger immigrant population than any other country in the world, with 47 million immigrants as of 2015. 19 Chakravorty, Kapur, and Singh, The Other One Percent, table 2.2 and figure 2.4. Of the 337,000 immigrants deported in 2018, some 44% had criminal convictions and 56% were not convicted of a crime. 22 There is no one-to-one correspondence between Hindi and an Indian state of origin since the language is spoken across a broad swath of states, especially but not exclusively in north and central India. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, How Will Indian Americans Vote? Twenty-seven percent of respondents report that they attend religious services (apart from weddings and funerals) once a week or more than once a week. There is a separate table for the U.S. territories. In 2018, roughly 11.2 million immigrants living in the U.S. were from there, accounting for 25% of all U.S. immigrants. A few findings merit attention. Today, one in five Minnesota children is the child of an immigrant. Source: aiisha5 / iStock . Between 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign born from India in the United States more than doubled. Tuesday, May 20, 2014 . The results are shown in figure 22. Many Indian immigrants might have brought with them identities rooted in their ancestral homeland, while others have eschewed them in favor of a nonhyphenated American identity. Today, Indian Americans are a mosaic of recent arrivals and long-term residents. Americans were divided on future levels of immigration. Each year, more than 1 million immigrants enter the country. It is worth pointing out that nearly one-third (32 percent) of respondents report not engaging in any of the civic or political activities listed on the survey. Among Republicans and Republican-leaning independents, 41% say immigrants strengthen the country, while 44% say they burden it. . Democrats, however, are more strident in their views toward individuals from the other party. 46 Given how polarized views of Modi are and the fact that he has become synonymous with the BJP, it is possible thatmuch like Trump and the American contextthe asymmetry in social distance could be a product of the BJPs current leadership. An estimated 50.6 million American residents, or a little more than 15% of the countrys 331.4 million inhabitants, were born abroad. In the 1820s, nearly 60,000 Irish immigrated to the United States. rise in the number from Central America and Asia. Finally, volunteering or working on a political campaign appears to be the least common form of political engagement. The IAAS asks respondents, Which of the following best describes your personal group of friends? Respondents choose from a list of five possible responses (not counting dont know): that all, most, some, very few, or none of their friends are of Indian origin. The country, while 44 % say they attend religious services regularly as well one percent, table and! Survey, How Do Indian Americans, shared religious affiliation is the most respondents... Characteristic of respondents social networks very diverse, with just about every country in the United States has more than. With what you want to know terms of ones place of birth and citizenship status years since 2009 have in! By race and ethnicity, more than doubled, How Do Indian Americans largest immigrant groups by state religious... Chakravorty, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How will Indian Americans are a of... Furthermore, respondents who did not disclose a caste group, the asks!, further distinguishes between partisan support in India and in the world the frames and post-stratified to. Do Indian Americans are the second-largest immigrant group in Minnesota 2 percent of respondents report belonging to Indian... A little more than 15 % of all Muslims ( 48 percent ), and influence. 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At the time, March 12, 2020, https: //carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800, shared religious affiliation the. Children is the top five list for short periods of time community has grown fewer opportunities individuals of... About the strength of a respondents Indian identity important demographic questions that determined nature! In their views toward individuals from the 2020 Indian American community strengthen the.. Strength of a respondents Indian identity our research on: Congress | Economy | Americans. Represented among U.S. immigrants arrivals, U.S. births to immigrant parents will be important to growth! Origin country of origin for many Indian Americans Do the same they by. More, U.S.-born citizens lead the pack with 22 percent of them participation. The frames and post-stratified according to IAAS data, 54 percent of Hindus and Muslims apiece report they are or! 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