When it comes to marriage, South Africa has various tribes and cultures which have very colourful traditional ceremonies. The point is that this After they assemble this packet, the parents go search for a man for their daughter and see if he makes the requirements for their daughter., Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue. This is something that most Americans are familiar with, or at least they are if theyve been involved in a wedding. Julius Gathogo, Jennifer Sistig, Judith Kotze, Kudzai Biri, Johannes Wessels, Joachim Kuegler, Stephanie Feder, Francis Machingura, Fortune Sibanda, BiAS Series, Reverend Nyasha Madzokere, Canisius Mwandayi, Musa W. Dube, Lovemore Togarasei, Moji Ruele, IN: Networks, Resources and Economic Action. This paper is from Masculinities under Neoliberalism, edited by Andrea Cornwall, Frank G. Karioris & Nancy Lindisfarne, pp 165-182. Its an honor due to them that recycles to the couple when they become parent. letters from the traditional council. Traditional verses Current Situation in Africa Traditional African society knew only one religion, ATR which greatly shaped the lives of the African people. Rituals Leading to Marriage Rituals of marriage begin long before the actual wed-ding ceremonies. The point is that this It analyzes gender-role changes or perceptions of change based on students reported interactions in formal education settings. The essence is to serve God or gods effectively to avert its wrath and punishment. The ceremony opportune members of both families to know and familiarized themselves. With the popularity of Christianity throughout Zimbabwe in mind, the article uses 1 Corinthians 7:4 (The wifes body does not belong to her alone but also to her husband) as the text that can be used for the liberation and empowerment of all women in the face of HIV and AIDS. In terms of methodology, qualitative analysis was adopted in examining how African integrated cultural life affect the marriage. Thank goodness Government has approved some Churches as marriage centers. All Rights Reserved. Life is sacred and the institution of marriage makes family life enjoyable when couples negotiate safe sex for the good of their relationships and society at large. Even though liberated in Christ, the battered syndrome of colonization is still within us. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The parents of the young girls have certain requirements for their daughters future husband. He is a contributor for the International Social Magazine, African Pride Magazine, International Punch and African News Digest. BiAS Series, Kudzai Biri, Joachim Kuegler. If It's Your Money, I Will Pay and Go: Shifting and Contested Significance of Brideprice Payment among the Dagaaba of Northwest Ghana. Taboos represent the main source of guiding principles regulating and directing the behaviour of individuals and the community towards the Supreme Being and especially the gods and the ancestors in African traditional societies (Dagba et al 145). This marriage ceremony is only for a monogamous union and any polygamous relations are forbidden. RITES OF PASSAGE AFRICAN TRADITIONAL REGION 1Dr. It must be noted that the African society loves to have children. It takes faith that requires belief in miracle to pledge ones life to another. Even though seminars, programmes, conferences, electronic and print media have made people aware of HIV and AIDS, the cultural barriers supported by traditional African religions and Christian religious beliefs have taken women hostage, making them vulnerable to Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), HIV and AIDS. As both a sacrament and covenant, marriage is traceable back to its origin, God, who is Love. Philosophers have also disputed the underlying moral and legal rationales for the structure of marriage, with implications for questions such as the content of its moral obligations and the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. in life. The dowry and bride items include token money and various gifts. We missed a balanced understanding of the contradictions that this ambiguity presented. Even if they object, by virtue of beings parents, they must be duly and respectfully informed. GENDER OPPRESSION AND POSSIBILITIES OF EMPOWERMENT: IMAGES OF WOMEN IN AFRICAN LITERATURE WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO MARIAMA BS SO LONG A LETTER, BUCHI EMECHETAS THE JOYS OF MOTHERHOOD AND TSITSI DANGAREMBGAS NERVOUS CONDITIONS, PARENT-INVOLVED APPROACH TO MARRIAGE: AN EFFECTIVE WAY AGAINST WIFE MALTREATMENT AND DIVORCE IN SELECTED AFRICAN FICTION 1Written by ALLAGBE Akinola Monday INTRODUC TION, Still I Rise: Tracing Womanhood In World Cultures, Critical Examination of the Legal Implications Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act, 2013 on Customary "Female Husband Marriage" or "Woman-to-Woman" in Nigeria, The Barren Woman: Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Infertility, activities to promote teaching speaking skill, Kalabari Marriage System and the Rights of Women in the Family1, Nigerian widows on screen reflections on a changing landscape, Walking With Shadows and the Critique of the Evolutionary Characterof Nigerian Narratives, Religion, Psychology, and Globalization Process: Attitudinal Appraisal, Traditionalism vs. Modernity as Interregnum in the Young Adult's Social Integration in Emeka Nwabueze's a Dance of the Dead, ATTITUDE OF MUSLIMS ELITE TOWARD MARRIAGE A CASE STUDY OF DUKKU LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF GOMBE STATE, Portrayal of African Women in Folklore: A case Study of Proverbs among the Lunda in the Northwestern Part of Zambia, Journal of International Women's Studies Unbending Gender Narratives in African Literature, THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH TOWARDS AMELIORATION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL PRACTICES INIMICAL TO WOMEN LIBERATION IN IGBOLAND, Slavery and Foklore in the plays of Ama Ata Aidoo.pdf, The Paternity Establishment Theory of Marriage, THE INSTITUTION OF THE FAMILY, MARRIAGE, KINSHIP AND DESCENT SYSTEMS BY, "From patriarchy to matriarchy: Re-defining the role of women in Alkali's The stillborn" in, NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF EDUCATION COURSE CODE: PED320 COURSE TITLE: Family Education, Birifor Women Leaders in Christian Mission: A Case Study of the Impact of Two Women on the Growth of the Apostolic Church of Ghana and the Eglise Protestante Evanglique Du Burkina Faso, RELIGION, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY VALUES IN AFRICA: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS, Marriage and family life in Zimbabwean culture. The escalating experiences of violence as force among married couples, call to question what it means to be husband and wife or whether marriage is merely an ideal so difficult to realize. African Wedding Traditions Bringing the African culture and traditions are handed down from generation to generation. In Africa, especially in Igbo land, marriage is the only known In Africa. Second, the continued Eurocentric descriptions and characterization of the African traditional family as some what depraved lead to the use of such terms as bride price, avoidance social taboos, segregated relationships, lack of love and tenderness in African marriages and families. According to the Pew Research Center (2010), traditional African religions are still prevalent in This paper looks at how African marriage and family have evolved as a result of direct contact with both Islam and Christianity. These laws are cultural values. In this vein, traditional sex laws are relatively relevance in all African society to avoid a breach of good . You can download the paper by clicking the button above. And we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ. These issues amongst others portend a changing landscape for the future of family law and to a larger extent the human race. Despite this manifestation, marriage has been very often exposed to incidences of violence. 3. In recent years, modern life, industry, These cultural values are laws, customs, and forms of behavior, regulations, rules, observances and taboos. Polygyny is that of which is practiced in the Maasai culture, as an ideal that is achieved only by that of the elder men of the tribe. Its no surprised therefore that wedding is usually conducted after the couple had performed their traditional rites. History Of Marriage Customs In Africa When the diviner pronounces the . Marriage is the basis of family. This shall be the focus of our discussion in this paper. The underline contribution is that there is value especially in the traditional marriage system this value is underscored in life. Society has moved on; the traditional idea of marriage is outdated. THE PLACE OF TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE IN AFRICAN CULTURE, Marriage not wedding was the real miracle. I would like to mention just a few, which in my opinion are relevant to this topic. In related literature, this period is defined as the emergent adulthood stage and it is of critical importance to establish and maintain romantic relationships during this transition period (Arnett, 2000). Every country has their own way of marrying two people that want to spend the rest of their life together. In, Africa and China the children have absolutely no say on whom they are going to marry. Marriage in South Africa exists in a number of different forms, as a result of the diversity of religions and cultures in the country. the existence of deep-rooted poverty, harmful traditional practices, restrictive laws and social attitudes all pose serious threats to the work of civil society activists in the region. This is a result of their own independent beliefs and traditions which causes them to go about their own unique ritual, although there are few similarities between the two countries., To the Igbo people of West Africa marriage is essential in life. During the ceremony, the couple dances while guests throw money at them or put it on their foreheads., The Igbos wedding traditions are really different from weddings in the United States of America. Efundula: Wo men's Initiation, Gender and Sexual Identities in Colonial and Post-Colonial Northern Namibia, Obstacles in the Way of Love: The Enslavement of Intimacy in Samuel Crowther and Ama Ata Aidoo, Optimal pipeline connection for the west african gas pipeline network, Towards an African Atlantic: Ama Ata Aidoo's diasporic theater. In many African societies the expectant mother may be smarred all over her body with white chalk and wears protective amulets. With a rich and diverse culture African culture is known to change from county to county, many cultures along with traditions are found in Africa which makes Africa diverse, unique and mesmerizing in many ways to the world. Its important to put records right especially as most African rich traditions are branded demonic. In The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia (1867), Samuel Baker documents a steady slave trade from Abyssinia and Sudan to Egypt and the harbour towns of the Red Sea coast. representation in traditional sexuality. Get ideas to incorporate into yours. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. They also include a description of her familys background, education, hobbies, accomplishments and interests. In Africa, it has not been any different. African Conception on Marriage and Family Marriage occupies an important position in the affairs of Africans, especially in the past. Having a wife then to create a family with her and providing for them, is a rite a passage for most African American males. In 2009, Home Affairs wanted to change the law so that it would be a legal . African traditional marriage requires parents consent and blessings. Some go further to find out whether the intended couples parents are married and still living together; not ruling our class distinction. Abstract. A bstract: The celebration of marriage manifests a union of love, joy and great intimacy. A community has distinct beliefs, customs and cultural practices. Women in Islam versus Women in the Judeo-Christianity: The Myth & The Reality By Dr. Sherif Abdel Azeem. . Chapter 3 investigated the Chapter 3 investigated the different reasons for divorce among the population. wives should be homemakers and primary caregivers were considered to be conservative. So unhappy is the woman who fails to get children. African culture and traditions are handed down from generation to generation. In an article about the reality of arranged marriages, in Japan, when a woman reaches the age of 25 she and her parents make a packet of information about her including a picture of the young girl in a kimono. Woman-to-woman marriage can also be beneficial to persons other than the female husband. kinship. Gender-role change is one aspect of a general Westernizing effect of formal models of Western education on indigenous cultures. In a traditional marriage, men tend to have a higher status, have more . In a modern family people is less subject to the parental control in the matter of mate choice. The paper takes cognizance of the fact that men and women are both perpetrators and victims of gender based violence. "Marriage in Africa was the means of ensuring reproduction, but things change", explained Dr Lynne Brydon in the opening remarks of the 2017 Cadbury Conference, an annual event held by the University of Birmingham's Department of African Studies and Anthropology (DASA). The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women (Protocol to the African Charter),13 article 2(1)(b) provides that state parties must enact and effectively implement appropriate legislative or regulatory measures, 11 South Africa ratified the CEDAW in 1996 and presented its first Country Report in 1998 . P.O. Before this ceremony, the couple get acquainted with each other and agreed to marry. This article seeks to interrogate the practice of polygamy in the Johane Marange sect in the light of HIV and AIDS. Thus, it recommended that cultural practices that are harmful to women should be discarded, Throughout Africa, traditional or cultural marriages which provided the rich-ness of natural continuity of life are fast fading out due to the influx of the alien Western culture. There are also other factors, such as, industrialisation, migration, inculturation, globalisation, information technology which have played a role in the changes of the African cultures. compulsion for marriage in the context of an African slave girl Ojebeta Ogbanje: Every woman, whether slave or free, must marry. INTRODUCTION Instead, the women are told to go to court. In this forum the man publicly ask for the woman hand in marriage. It was possible for betrothal to happen when a girl had not yet reached her change of pubescent to later be married and was considered a marriage contract and if not followed, there would be great consequences. Some people are only excited with Jesus first public miracle- the turning of water into wine and may not see the main miracle in the passage. Couples in these Churches have no need going through Court Registry marriages anymore. As a matter of fact, before any Church wedding commences in African or of African descent the clergy would ascertain that traditional rites had been fulfilled. dissolution of a marriage by judgment of a court or by accepted custom. In some African regions if the couple is residing abroad, the traditional marriage will still be accomplished even in their absence by the family members back home. They have no reason to impose it on people who had already had their marriage rites. In April 1862 he visited a slave market in Gallabat on what today is the border between Sudan and Ethiopia, where he saw a large number of 'lovely captives . Though these networks may not continue in their traditional form, extended family relationships are still very close and important to one's life. About nine-in-ten Americans (88%) cited love as a very important reason to get married, ahead of making a lifelong commitment (81%) and companionship (76%), according to a 2013 Pew Research Center survey. Marriage in African Traditional Society UK Essays They tend to forget the traditional teachings for the marriage, or think they are traditional African society. The family occupies a pivotal place in every society and in the Africa continent at large. In some communities, the dead are buried with their belonging e.g. We should be reminded that we have it as our responsibility not only to uphold our tradition but also pass it to future generation. Thera Rasing Traditional modern and christian teachings in In India among tribes of Tiyan, Toda, Kota, Khasa . And through all the hardships they had placed on them, they developed strong emotional bonds and family ties. This is neither biblical nor African custom but an aftermath of religion, colonization and perhaps misapplication of the scripture. The Daily Bread devotional booklet of October 6, 2005 said, Marriage not wedding was the real miracle. Today, we not only speak of marriage as a union of love but also as one whose space is contested by various external forces. Hg. Marriage ceremonies throughout Africa vary greatly depending on the faith of the individuals. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. At the beginning of the wedding, the bride walks around, selling boiled eggs to her guests to prove that shes able to make money. Are made up of smaller units called clan. It's an honor due to them that recycles to the couple when they become parent. It is found that there are many differences between the two of these cultures. Cambridge-Africa Programme. An analysis of the cultural aspects of the marriage in the Shona traditional religion in Zimbabwe, Religion Mariage and Family Values in Africa, Christianity, Marriage and Family Life in Esanland, Silences in marriage laws in Commonwealth Africa: Womens position in polygynous customary marriages, Lessons from Scripture for Maasai Christianity, Lessons from Maasai Culture for the Global Church. It is not discriminatory. The Igbos wedding traditions might be different from the United States wedding traditions, but some of their traditions should take and put them into our wedding traditions., Marriage is a personal accomplishment for me. It argues that not only does gender based violence risk the health and wellbeing of the married couple, children and the society, but also its continuous 'coexistence' with marriage threatens the realization of the essential properties of marriage (unity and indissolubility). African traditional society and culture basing on an Afrocentric view can be depicted as an existent entity whereas the individuals belonging to a particular African society have and practice the traditions of that particular society and adhere to the culture in one way or the other. According to Mbiti (1969 . Even if they object, by virtue of beings parents, they must be duly and respectfully informed. Publisher of weekly, "Healing Words" and monthly, "Light the Way. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A clan is made up of a family who either are related by blood and marriage. (1977: 113) Marriage in the traditional patriarchal society of Africa is performed with great importance and dignity. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Hopefully by representing marriages to God, there would be a fresh touch of God on relationships and the Holy Spirit shall put together the pieces, making them whole. The African marriage is full of deep-rooted culture that cannot be wished away. In various traditional African societies, the African woman possessed the power that binds the society together. Cambridge Development Initiative. Woman-to-woman marriage involves the following persons: 1) the female husband . - Single Women, Tradition, and the Bible in Zimbabwe (by Kudzai BIRI, with a foreword by Joachim Kgler), The loudness of the Unsaid: Proverbs in selected African drama, Not a boy, not a child": A qualitative study on young people's views on childbearing in Uganda, Isukha Traditional Marriage Processes and Rituals in Pre-Colonial Kenya. The slaves discouraged casual sexual relationships and placed a lot emphasis on marriage and stability. Each community has a distinct political and social organization. Second, the continued Eurocentric descriptions and characterization of the African traditional family as some what depraved lead to the use of such terms as bride price, avoidance social taboos, segregated relationships, lack of love and tenderness in African marriages and families. It could not be a wedding because wedding was not a Jewish Custom and tradition. I also knew that all cultures had similar rules of engagement when it came to marriage practices. Women in Africa: Tradition and Change. If accepted, vows are made and covenant entered. This has undoubtedly undermined the institution of marriage. Several studies have confirmed that. The size of the clan could differ from one to the other. The ultraviolet light that lit the tiny box of a room made her underwear and heavy lipstick glow in an eerie, supernatural but definitely eye-catching way. However, the paper focuses on GBV against women. I paid my toll more than twenty years ago. As Siqwana-Ndulo (1998) stated, the institutions of family, marriage and household in African societies revolved around community. A man in South Africa may have more than one spouse but a South African woman may only have one spouse. 3. Each has their own unique ritual of how they go about a wedding ceremony. south african law commission project 90 the harmonisation of the common law and the indigenous law report on customary marriages august 1998 In the traditional African society, older people were highly esteemed because of the important roles they played by helping to integrate the society, preserve its cultural values, transmit knowledge and skills, settle disputes and educate the young. Enquires are instituted by both families concerning the behavior, character and most times religion of the families as well as marital status. The marriage ceremony was based on the principle of male dominance and female obedience. This paper focuses on gender based violence to argue that not only does gender based violence in marriages risk the health and wellbeing of the couple, children and the society, but also threatens the realization of the essential properties of marriage. Every marital breach This study looks at the pre-existing traditions of marriage(s), its values, beliefs and practices in Igbo land and the influence of the Western Judo-Christian cultural and religiosity . society, there exists within the African traditional marriage system resources available, which if discerned and learned properly can help checkmate or even stalemate some of the ills it suffers today. This means that GBV is not exclusive to any gender. 6. moving away from patriarchal . Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. In an African customary marriage, there is an arrangement between families where lobolo (bride wealth) was seen as a token of gratitude for the upbringing of the daughter, as well as a step to. Learn how your comment data is processed. Woman-to-woman marriage involves the following persons: 1) the female husband herself; 2) if the female husband is already married, her own husband (the female husband's husband); 3) the woman who is married by the female husband - the wife; and 4) the lover (s) of the wife who may father her children. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Christian marriage is different from traditional marriage in Igbo nation. In this presentation, the traditional African marriage is examined in relation to the involvement of family and community for sustenance from the perspective of Ama Ata Aido'sAnowa.Marriage in this context is a union which brings a man and a woman together for companionship and procreation. Although different societies in Africa celebrate marriage differently given the diversity of belief systems, it can be generally stated that marriage manifests a union of love, joy and great intimacy. The research will argue for and against same sex marriage but will touch on the salient fact that it is a movement that will come to be accepted over a period of time and get the needed attention it deserve but will ultimately attempt to address emerging trends in the same sex marriage debate. If one may ask, would a European [or an American] subject himself to African traditional marriage rites after he has wedded? Christianity takes a lions share in the Zimbabwean religious market particularly when compared to other non-indigenous religions like Islam, Buddhism and Judaism. I ntroduction: Human societies globally have from time immemorial held with great regard the celebration of marriage. the family, in most traditional and modern African societies, there was (is) a strict hierarchy of authority, according to which the males ruled and held responsibility for the females (Sofola 1977). Marriage is the woman who fails to get children modern and christian teachings in India. 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