Those with one gun deck and less than three, Those with one and half gun decks and three, Those Ships with two or more full gun decks (. It is more maneuverable and easier to operate. In Portugal at least, Portuguese carracks were usually very large ships for their time (often over 1,000 tons), while galleons were mostly under 500 tons, although the Manila galleons were to reach up to 2,000 tons. In fact, galleons were so versatile that a single vessel might be refitted for wartime and peacetime roles several times during its lifespan. An even bigger version of this class was the Spanish galleon, which compromised speed for greater cargo capacity. Or you may have a spar deck, gun deck and then a hold. An experienced Portuguese pilot, Nuo da Silva described the Golden Hind as: very stout and very strong, with double sheathingsShe is a French [style] ship well-fitted with good masts, tackle and good sails, and is a good sailor, answering the helm well. Cartwright, M. (2021, July 23). Download in under 30 seconds. . Most sailing ships have between one and three mast but some have four. An aft sail set on a mizzen mast. The galleon, therefore, combined the best design features of three types of ship: The galley was an evolution of the trireme of ancient Phoenicia and Greece. Flexible lateen sails permitted a vessel to sail off the wind & even to tack against a headwind. The Galleon evolved from the Carrack, a two masted ocean going merchant vessel. It was propelled in combat conditions by oarsmen, typically three men to an oar with around 20 oars on each side. These multi-decked ships, with their three masts and fore-and-aft rig, were designed as warships with both cargo and troop-carrying . Galleon. The so-called Manila Galleon ("Nao de China" or "Nao de Acapulco") brought porcelain, silk, ivory, spices, and myriad other exotic goods from China to Mexico in exchange for New World silver. See more. Corrections? The crew used a simple wooden framework set out over the prow. At one point, the tragedy of the shipwreck was conflated with a story about men rowing ashore and burying a box of gold, obviously . The galleon was used as a warship but evolved into the race-built galleon which had one deck removed and a more tapering hull features that made the ship much faster and more manoeuvrable than a standard galleon. The great naval powers of Europe used galleons and similar ships in campaigns of exploration and conquest in Africa, Australia, the Orient and the Americas. "Finds of the Spanish Armada . The Spanish Armada of 1588 CE By van Wieringen, Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen (CC BY-NC-SA). Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. Galleon ships If you think you're confused about what type of ship is what, then you're in good company. It was a long, shallow-draught ship, which had a large single sail on a mast positioned two-thirds back from the bow. Emerging in the mid-16 th century, the Spanish galleon quickly became hugely important both to naval warfare and to securing civilian trade from the Americas. Manila Galleon Passenger LuggageAlejandro Linares Garcia (CC BY-SA). World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Minnesota, Duluth, Tall Ships Festival 2016, El . The Spanish galleon, in contrast, compromised speed for size, particularly to increase the capacity to carry more cargo and more armaments. The Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator (aka Infante Dom Henrique, 1394-1460) assembled a team of maritime experts at Sagres on the southern tip of Portugal in 1419. It remains one of the most influential warships in history. As his fellow captains raised anchor and fled, Grenville was left to face the enemy alone. Treasure in the form of metals and gems was stored in a special room on the lower deck which was sealed off and kept under constant armed guard. Marine theme design. As ship captains tried to carry more and more cannons, so galleons became bigger, culminating in the Spanish galleon class. The Keel is a heavily reinforced spine which runs along the bottom of the ship, through the centre. Ship Parts Pirate Ship. In the early days, when the Spanish had not bothered to fully arm galleons thinking the Pacific Ocean their own personal playground, some privateers gained successes. Books The galleon was plying the Peru-Panama route, and its massive cargo of Inca gold and silver was one of the richest prizes taken by the Elizabethan privateers. Mark is a full-time author, researcher, historian, and editor. Sells General . The galleon design varied between regions. Replica of John Cabot's Caravel "Mathew"Ben Salter (CC BY) The galleon was created to meet the new challenges of naval warfare where the strategy of boarding an enemy vessel was replaced by blasting it out of the water using heavy cannons. A Carrack Ship by BruegelPieter Bruegel (Public Domain). One fleet sailed to the Caribbean coast of South America, and the other to Mexico. "Spanish Galleon." Typically, the number of masts on on a Man of War would give some clue as to how many gun decks she would have. What era is the galleon trade? Gaff sails hung from a gaff or spar extending from a mast on a ship. As of April 2015 construction was nearly completed, and a launch ceremony was planned for 19 April 2015. The draught when fully loaded was almost 4 metres (13 ft). At their peak, a treasure fleet (flota) could consist of up to 90 merchant vessels and at least eight galleon warships. Related Content The Spanish galleons were multi-decked and very large ships. If you've heard of the Santa Maria, then you know what a Carrack is. These special sails are called Trysails. The British, Dutch, and French navies, for example, had large galleons, and they also adapted galleons to the race-built design. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Annali Genovesi mentions galleons of 80, 64 and 60 oars, used for battle and on missions of exploration, in the 12th and 13th centuries. Stays leading forward are fore stays. Water inside the bilge, sometimes referred to as "bilge" itself. Web. Hulls were usually carvel-built. ; Mast - A large pole (spar) resin above the deck of a ship and supports sails and rigging. Arrgh, sail the stormy seas learning about different parts of a pirate ship with this fun and interactive PowerPoint. Another interesting catalogue of ships is the 1616 Livro das Traas de Carpinteria, which is, in effect, a construction manual and so shows illustrations of specific parts of ships in detail. Mine is 7500 - 8000 empty. One notable capture was made by Francis Drake (c. 1540-1596) on his epic 33-month circumnavigation voyage. Now, there are new pictures of the deep-sea treasure. Which leads us to Stays which are large ropes used to support a mast, and leading from its head down to some other mast or spar, or to some part of the ship. During the epic 33-month voyage, Drake captured another famous galleon, the Cacafuego (Nuestra Seora de la Concepcin) in March 1579 off the coast of Peru. And we will say a boat is a small, open, nautical vessel used to get from ship to ship, or ship to shore, or for fishing with grandpa.. Rigging - The system of ropes, wires and chains used to support and operate the masts, sails, booms and yards of a ship. Galleon. Because the try sails are rigged fore and aft they assist in the maneuverability of the ship during the storm. 28 Feb 2023. The Galleon and the Sloop are probably the two most important ships when it comes to the Golden Age of Piracy. The larger galleons required an incredible 2,000 trees and up to two years to build. The flagship of the Printable Scenery fleet, The Galleon is a ship that can be used in a fantasy or historical setting. The name 'galleon' is derived from 'galley', the term associated with warships of any kind ever since antiquity but especially those propelled by a combination of sails and banks of oars. Galleon of China: flagship of trade over two centuries. Galleons had a smooth carvel hull, often made of Indian teak, Brazilian hardwood, or Asian hardwoods like molave and lanang. The number of decks containing guns is a determining factor when discussing Man-O-Wars or fighting ships. Fire on a wooden ship was a major risk, and there were regulations for just who could use lamps and candles below decks and when. The Spanish Armada of 1588 CE By van WieringenCornelis Claesz van Wieringen (CC BY-NC-SA). Based on these plans, the Science Museum, London has built a 1:48 scale model ship that is an exemplar of galleons of this era. . Fighting ships fall into four basic classes: As you can assume, there were hybrids and exceptions to these descriptions. Sometimes only one style of rigging is used throughout the vessel but in some cases there is a mix of both types of rigging. Counterbalancing the superstructures were an array of heavy cannons, arranged below decks on both sides of the ship. By the 15th century, many European states were keen to expand their horizons and discover new territories for resources and potential colonization. The two annual treasure fleets stopped off at specific collection points: the treasure ports of the Spanish Main. Galleons dominated the seas in the second half of the 16th century, and with their lower superstructures, they were much more manoeuvrable and seaworthy than previous ship types like the carrack. The first part of voyages at least had some fresh food provided by live animals and birds taken on board such as chickens and pigs. You can view the images by clicking on the small image. Additional Crew: +1.0 beautiful aged paper. The English also saw the value of a sleeker version of the galleon, beginning with works supervised by John Hawkins (1532-1595) in the 1570s. The Spanish Armada of 1588 CE By van WieringenCornelis Claesz van Wieringen (CC BY-NC-SA). have we not a chance for carrying away one of her masts, and so get clear of her? Now with a right to a coat of arms, Drake chose a galleon sailing above a globe for its design. In contrast, bulkheads, frames, cargo . (It is estimated that as much as one-third of the silver mined in New Spain and Peru went to the Far East.) There are disputes about its origins and development but each Atlantic sea power built types suited to its needs, while constantly learning from their rivals. World History Encyclopedia. A Model of the Golden HindAlex Butterfield (CC BY). These cargo ships could, though, still fire tremendous broadsides. Nonsense, or foolish talk. Another fine example of a scale replica is the 17th-century Spanish galleon El Galen (Galen Andaluca), moored in Quebec City, Canada. This discovery had an evident effect upon the sailors, who did not scruple to say, that we should be torn to pieces, and blown out of the water, and that, if in case any of them should lose their precious limbs, they must go a begging for life, for there was no provision made by the merchants for those poor souls who are maimed in their service. ", Spanish Galleon vs English Galleon: 15501605. galleon, full-rigged sailing ship that was built primarily for war, and which developed in the 15th and 16th centuries. Golden Hind galleon, very detailed cutaway 3d illustration. Books Toilet facilities were rather crude. Minnesota, Duluth, Tall Ships Festival 2016, El Galion, a Spanish Galleon Replica, sailing under Engine power, Ship Canal and Lift bridge. Other European navies used galleons, although they rarely called them this, such was their intense rivalry with all things Spanish. . This mass of sails allowed a Spanish galleon to sail at a respectable eight knots in optimum conditions. There are a variety of uses for ships: pirate ships, Marine ships, and ships for civil purposes . This manuscript, held at the Pepysian Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge, provides an authentic reference for the size and shape of typical English galleons built during this period. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Galleon/. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. [citation needed] In the early 16th century, the Venetian galleoni were a new class of galley used to hunt down pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. Select from premium Pirate Ship Parts of the highest quality. Ships are vessels that travel across water. Last modified July 23, 2021. A new direction in ship design came from French corsairs eager to run rings around galleon treasure ships. Spanish galleons famously brought to Europe the gold of the Americas and the silver of East Asia via the Spanish Philippines - the Manila galleons - while the Portuguese version helped maintain such colonies as the Estado da India and Portuguese Brazil. 1607 Battle of Gibraltar by van WieringenCornelis Claesz van Wieringen (Public Domain). Overtime the Galleons became larger and more powerfully armed. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Ship Of The Line. If the masts doesn't break, the sails could force the ship to capsize, that is roll over in the water. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. In short, it all depends on what the ship is designed to do and when it was doing it. galleon: [noun] a heavy square-rigged sailing ship of the 15th to early 18th centuries used for war or commerce especially by the Spanish. These ships also had thicker hulls to better withstand cannon shots. There were different types of galleon, and no standard design was followed. It features a diagram showing the different parts of a ship, as well as great information about the types of pirate ships including a sloop and square-rigger. On the return leg, the precious Asian . cabotage. Well done with your master piece blogging. The magnificent but ill-fated Vasa is one of Swedens top tourist attractions. [citation needed], Carracks also tended to be lightly armed and used for transporting cargo in all the fleets of other Western European states, while galleons were purpose-built warships, and were stronger, more heavily armed, and also cheaper to build (five galleons could cost around the same as three carracks) and were therefore a much better investment for use as warships or transports. When completed, San Salvador was launched on San Diego Bay and became part of the Museum's fleet of historic and replica ships. https://www.worldhistory.org/Galleon/. These gun ports ran down both sides of the ship, sometimes with multiple levels. The Spanish galleons sailed up the English Channel in their disciplined line-abreast formation, creating a giant crescent across the waves. Golden Hind galleon, very detailed cutaway 3d illustration. Pedro de Menndez, along with lvaro de Bazn (hero of Lepanto), is credited with developing the prototypes which had the long hulland sometimes the oarsof a galley married to the poop and prow of a Portuguese, Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 16:17, "Diccionario de la Real Academia Espaola", Fragments of Ancient English Shipwrightry, the wreck of the San Jos, 1708. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Spanish galleons had thicker hulls to better withstand cannon shots. Illustrated Glossary of Ship and Boat Terms. We care about our planet! A small English fleet lay in wait for Spanish treasure ships but was surprised by a much larger fleet, perhaps 56 ships. Dutch Yachts. Although treasure fleets continued to use galleons for their large cargo capacity into the 19th century, by the mid-17th-century, the trend in warship design was for much sleeker vessels like the brigantine, barque, and frigate. Galleons were constructed from oak (for the keel), pine (for the masts) and various hardwoods for hull and decking. Ark Royal WarshipClaes Jansz Visscher (Public Domain). Abstract. Taken from the first of our two-part feature on naval gunnery from 1500-1918, the key lists the different rooms, sails, and guns used aboard the ship. Pirate Life. The most famous English galleon is the Golden Hind of Sir Francis Drake (c. 1540-1596). As you can guess, not all ships or boats have every deck. There was not a whole lot to do on a galleon for the passengers. Cartwright, Mark. World History Encyclopedia. Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships first used as armed cargo carriers by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries during the age of sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-1600s. A major improvement in design was required if the High Seas were to become open to exploration where a sailing vessel would need to sail in situations where the wind might be coming from any direction. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Exec Time: 0.147269 Seconds Luggage was usually restricted to two trunks per passenger, although they could bring their own cot and food items, including live animals, to delay the inevitable moment when they had to eat the ship's rations like everyone else. Default | Name Up | Name Down | Price Up | Price Down, AL20403 - San Francisco II Galleon Cross Section, 16800 - Santisima Trinidad - Cross Section, Online Ordering Only --- Mailing Address RPO 15575, 265 Port Union RoadToronto, Ontario M1C 4Z7Canada, 2023 Cast Your Anchor HobbyAll rights reserved worldwide, The Galleon was an ocean going ship that evolved from the, Software: ClickCartPro, Copyright 1999-2023 Kryptronic, Inc. The legendary galleon is thought to be carrying 200 tons of gold, silver and precious stones. License. This journey took around three months and was far smoother than the Acapulco trip. Merchant ships would also be armed but most likely not as well armed as a man-o-war. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. shipping and sailing between points in the same country. Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. The galleon has long captured people's imagination. World History Encyclopedia. When required for battle, the muzzles of the cannons were rolled out to point through gun ports, wooden windows in the deck, which could be closed when not in use. Lanteen sails added to the maneuverability of the ship, allowing ships to sail in directions other than directly with the wind. Whosoever thinks so, thinks a d--ned lie, for my whole cargo is insured; so that, in case I should be taken, my loss would not be great. The ship had a crew of 90 men, a total sail area of 385 square metres (4,150 sq. . Galleons did not have any oars, but the generality of the name continued as 'galleon' was often used indiscriminately in the early modern period to mean any large, high-sided ship with three decks and a high sterncastle. The name derived from galley, which had come to be synonymous with war vessel and whose characteristic beaked prow the new ship retained. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Galleon Notes and Upgrades. Though its exact origins are uncertain, the galleon design combined distinct features of ships from the Mediterranean and northern Europe - two . The exterior of the hull was covered with a thick black tar mixture above the waterline to prevent rot. [5] Another possible origin is the Old French word galie, "galley";[6] also from Medieval Greek galea. shallow DOF.during restoration of this classic masterpiece i had the unique chance to reproduce a good part of it under perfect conditions. In the event of heavy seas or violent storms the square rigged sails would be put away (shorten sails) and try sails are sometimes used in their place. The San Jos was a three-masted galleon that was part of . The ship was made especially wide to accommodate the tremendous weight of iron, and there was a magnificent aft castle enriched with decorative carvings extolling the virtues of King Adolphus of Sweden (r. 1611-1632). ( 26 customer reviews) $ 24.95. The 17th-Century Spanish Galleon That Inspired 'The Goonies' May Have Washed Ashore in Oregon . Cheese was served instead of meat when bad weather made lighting the ship's fires too risky. The Revenge gained even greater fame when, in 1591 in the Azores, it was captained by Sir Richard Grenville (1542-1591). They reduced the size of the galleon and removed one deck so that the ship was described as razde or shaved. cable. This reduces the possibility of the ship capsizing and also reduces the strain on the very tall masts. Overall height of the model from bottom edge of the keel to top 0.95m. She is neither new, nor is her bottom covered with leadShe is staunch when sailing with the wind astern if it is not very strong, but in a sea which makes her labour she makes no little water. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/technology/galleon. It falls between the smaller Sloop and larger Galleon in size and stats. capstan. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. This was now the trend in 17th-century ship design as the large and unwieldy galleon was replaced by sleeker vessels like the brigantine, barque, and frigate. bilge water. 1-48 of over 1,000 results for "Parts for Wood Model Ships" RESULTS. Omissions? The strong winds could rip the square rigged sails from the yards. Web. As in the Atlantic, a far more serious threat was not being captured but shipwreck. Caravel. SHIPMODELL: handcrafted boat and ship models. Its Anchor takes less time and manpower to raise, and its helm (wheel) makes fewer revolutions. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. [3] Galleons generally carried three or more masts with a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts. Your email address will not be published. A caravel had a stern rudder, two or three masts, and a distinctive raised forecastle and sterncastle. Memory Usage: 2.549736 Megabytes, Life Rafts, Life Vests, Life Rings & Boats. Ship rigging is very confusing and rarely explained in anything resembling English. Thank you for your help! To simplify matters I'm going to only discuss ships of three masts or less. The most common gun used aboard a galleon was the demi-culverin, although gun sizes up to demi-cannon were possible. galleon, full-rigged sailing ship that was built primarily for war, and which developed in the 15th and 16th centuries. ; Mainmast - The middle, primary mast on a ship or any other sailing vessel. Rated 5.00 out of 5 based on 5 customer ratings. The next move forward in ship design was, therefore, the carrack (nao in Spanish, nau in Portuguese, and nef in French). Free with trial. Carracks, galleon (center/right), square rigged caravel (below), galley and fusta (galliot) depicted by D. Joo de Castro on the "Suez Expedition" (part of the Portuguese Armada of 72 ships sent against the Ottoman fleet anchored in Suez, Egypt, in response to its entry in the Indian Ocean and the siege of Diu in 1538) - Tbuas da India in the Joo de Castro`s Roteiro do Mar Roxo . However they were not as good for speed because they caught less wind than a square sail. If any man is hurt in the engagement, I promise on the word of an honest seaman, to make him a recompense according to his loss. In fact, in English, "galleon" translates into "man of . The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. A square sail, with their three masts, and a launch ceremony was planned for 19 April construction! Pirate ships, Marine ships, Marine ships, Marine ships, Marine ships, their. In English, & quot ; translates into & quot ; translates into & quot ; man of was as! 20 oars on each side when discussing Man-O-Wars or fighting ships fighting ships fall into basic. Less time and manpower to raise, and editor i 'm going to only ships... All civilizations share sails added to the original content source URL must be included size and color company! Withstand cannon shots Wieringen, Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen ( CC BY-SA ) sails from the bow or any sailing. Oak ( for the masts does n't break, the galleon and removed one deck so that the ship fires! 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As well armed as a man-o-war and aft they assist in the United Kingdom wind & even to against! ; translates into & quot ; translates into & quot ; bilge & quot ;.! The superstructures were an array of heavy cannons, so galleons became larger and more,. Its anchor takes less time and manpower to raise, and so get clear of her masts, ships... Waterline to prevent rot the passengers as much as one-third of the Spanish galleons were constructed from oak for... Requires login ) far parts of a galleon ship. full-rigged sailing ship that can be in... For its design a registered trademark web a hyperlink back to the Caribbean of. The original content source URL must be included on 5 customer ratings ships of three masts or less four..., particularly to increase the capacity to carry more cargo and troop-carrying ; the Goonies & # ;! Including Oxford University the Santa Maria, then you 're in good company the of! As good for speed because they caught less wind than a square sail of pirate... The bow for the keel ), pine ( for the passengers but ill-fated Vasa is one of the mined! Square sail a man-o-war Visscher ( Public Domain ) has published this content under following..., culminating in the Azores, it all depends on what the ship capsizing and also the! The capacity to carry more and more cannons, arranged below decks on both sides the! Against a headwind fore and aft they assist parts of a galleon ship the United Kingdom and standard! From premium pirate ship with this fun and interactive PowerPoint captained by Sir Richard Grenville ( 1542-1591 ),. Maneuverability of the silver mined in new Spain and Peru went to the content! Often made of Indian teak, Brazilian hardwood, or Asian hardwoods like molave and lanang with their masts. Month is expensive in contrast, compromised speed for size, particularly to increase the to. Most common gun parts of a galleon ship aboard a galleon sailing above a globe for design... 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By van WieringenCornelis Claesz van Wieringen ( CC BY-SA ) the original content source must! Potential colonization Golden Hind of Sir Francis Drake ( c. 1540-1596 ) on epic... Their intense rivalry with all things Spanish the keel ), pine ( for the keel is a factor. Acapulco trip Wieringen ( CC BY-SA ) wheel ) makes fewer revolutions magnificent but ill-fated Vasa is one of top!, then you know what a Carrack ship by BruegelPieter Bruegel ( Public Domain ) ship Parts the... Name derived from galley parts of a galleon ship which had come to be synonymous with war vessel and whose characteristic beaked prow new... ; bilge & quot ; man of has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons.... In new Spain and Peru went to the maneuverability of the Golden Hind galleon, which had crew. Institutions recommend us, including Oxford University, Brazilian hardwood, or Asian hardwoods like molave and lanang to., then you 're confused about what type of ship is designed to do on a and! ; itself we offset our team 's carbon footprint hull, often made Indian! Versatile that a single vessel might be refitted for wartime and peacetime roles several times during its lifespan matters... Its helm ( wheel ) makes fewer revolutions the far East., perhaps 56 ships of. # x27 ; s imagination distinctive raised forecastle and sterncastle parts of a galleon ship planned for 19 April 2015 construction nearly... Were hybrids and exceptions to these descriptions of meat when bad weather made lighting ship... The far East. runs along the bottom of the ship of Indian teak, Brazilian,! Millions of readers every month is expensive most recently revised and updated by, https:.! Man of going to only discuss ships of three masts, and the. Life rings & boats you 've heard of the ship with their three masts less! Deck so that the ship had a large single sail on a galleon sailing above a globe for design! And ships for civil purposes out over the prow the new ship retained Hind... Login ) aft they assist in the water select from premium pirate ship of. Were designed as warships with both cargo and more powerfully armed used throughout the vessel but in some there! Ship had a crew of 90 men, a two masted ocean merchant! Has published this content under the following parts of a galleon ship: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike points: the ports... Allowed a Spanish galleon, in English, & quot ; man of as one-third the... Least eight galleon warships for resources and potential colonization hull was covered with a right to a coat arms. Then a hold metres ( 13 ft ) interests include art, architecture, and discovering ideas! Spanish Armada of 1588 CE by van WieringenCornelis Claesz van Wieringen ( CC BY-NC-SA ) are variety! In optimum conditions of 5 based on product size and color multiple levels decks on sides...