Refrain from comments containing references to religion unless it clearly relates to the post being commented on. Im guessing that the argument the police are using is that the people who were arrested WOULD HAVE predated against an actual minor, given the chance you see? Hidden cameras showed a reporter confronting the potential predator, who was then nabbed by the local police. When asked how he responds to those people who see To Catch a Predator as a type of entrapment, Hansen explained that, "It's not entrapment. Audiences loved the hidden camera footage, but . This reminds me of a previous debate we had about inchoate offenses. The key word here is 'predisposition'. Entrapment depends on the actions and words of the police officers who are conducting the operation. These men should not go there, period. From what I've seen of the show, it seems like there is little to no coaxing involved in the online chat logs. Didn't they get in legal trouble for that same thing? That alone makes it entrapment. Hidden cameras showed a reporter confronting the potential predator, who was then nabbed by the local police. claiming entrapment. It is no different than an undercover drug/prostitution sting or the show Bait Car, my personal favorite. According to the law, it can be viewed as entrapment and illegal for civilians and police officers. He tells the decoy that he will be on his way to her house shortly, but needs to make a stop: "I have to go and buy condoms." There's another group called Perverted-Justice that set up their own stings for pedophiles, but there was a high profile case where 23 guys were busted in one sting but then all the charges were dropped because of lack of sufficient evidence. Later, after hearing when the "teenager" expects to be home alone, the teacher proposes a specific time: "do you want me to come over Wed. after 4?" One might question why any state or county agency would employ a unit of officers solely to troll for pedophiles on the internet. Did that scare him off? It often requires that a defendant have no intent to engage in a similar act before being induced by law enforcement. Assistance to LEO was considered in SMITH V to be the alternate civil purpose of the Wetterling Acts creation of an electronic database of known sex offenders. It was either on that show or on my local news that found people who do similar things in my city. One to sit at the computer, and six others to watch and enjoy the show. There is a reason why the founders adopted the bill of rights and it was for times just like these. These men seem to feel little compunction until they are caught. | Minted on the Blockchain, What Is Nikocado Avocado Diagnosed With? Chris Hansen is an American television journalist known for his work on Dateline NBC, particularly the well-known program To Catch A Predator. But, can a Seattle sex crimes lawyer help? Pick was arrested in a sting operation illegally conducted by county police forces in Virginia and later charged and convicted for soliciting a minor electronically, a felony. The stings are essentially amateur versions of "To Catch a Predator" livestreamed on an iPhone primarily in the North County. Of that, an astonishing 82%$984,233 . (discovery) Every adult who makes contact is explicitly told they are speaking to an underage girl, allowing. EastCoast Predator Catchers, according to a group leader who would give his name only as Jay, was formed "to protect our kids" and raise awareness about the untold number of adults, mostly men . People have bad ideas and stop short of doing stupid things. I just recently got my memories back from the service and were working on PTSD. Related Articles 'To Catch a Predator' 's Chris Hansen Says 'Miscommunication' Led to Warrant for Missed Court Date. I made a bad decision in carrying on a conversation. Thought crimes should not be convicted under the law. Read many transcripts of online chats with such predators. Things like this will only get worse. I was caught in a sting operation. is planning a three-day conference, lobby day, and vigil and bringing together advocates from across the country for a special three-day event March 5 7 in Washington DC. And a lot of online sexual contact. It is the chat logs that prove intent. There have been numerous cases where civilians have attempted to bring online predators to justice by posing as minors to lure them out. Further, they must show that it was by this persuasion on the part of a law enforcement official that the evidence against them was obtained. The Sarasota County Sheriff's Office (SCSO) is going to "outrageous lengths" to make law-abiding lonely guys into sex. Join NARSOL - Donate to NARSOL - Volunteer with NARSOL. I don't think so. A predator will be your child's best friend. Please keep the tone and language of your comment civil and courteous. The show was hosted by Chris Hansen and was partly filmed with hidden investigative camera's. The series aimed to catch the sexual predators, who would arrive at a sting house to have intercourse with a minor. Because the decoys. Also my charges are from 31 years ago, applied retro actively. In 2019, internet stings are commonly conducted by law enforcement agencies in every state. It is a type of conduct that is generally frowned upon, and thus in many jurisdictions is a possible defense against criminal liability." Carl Edwards Crash. Instead, the predator is looking for victims online and found what they believe to be a minor, but instead is the state posing as a minor. It does seem rather like entrapment, but I haven't actually seen this, I'm only going by these comments. Cop posing as a dad. Aren't the decoys all Dateline employees not law enforcement though? Click here to sign up right now and start on your path in the Smash community! The problem I have with these stings (There are many issues) the main one is, many of these caught with a fake victim end up with more time than someone who actually had a real victim. These men should not go there, period. Speaking with Sgt. Your profile photo turns me on. In these internet sting or cyber sting operations, law enforcement officers typically pose online as minors who seek a friendship with an adult a friendship that soon becomes sexual in nature. This wills never stop no matter what is said or done as long as there are parents and children there will be politicians judges and cops using fear to win votes. Whether entrapment happened in any specific case will hinge on a number of factors. Is "To Catch a Predator" entrapment? Answer (1 of 19): Absolutely not. To Catch A Predator made for shocking TV, but legally it was full of holes and illegal entrapment. Intent usually gets you more jail time in most cases. Pick and said teenager. She explains how they are misinterpreted by judges, misunderstood by most attorneys, and abused by federal, state and local officials and agencies. I remember seeing in the show that they didn't coax. Everything was just internet chat. He gets registered as a sex offender but he did nothing. But it is usually the men who seek to turn these online contacts into meetings. They WANTED to do this; therefore they did. His PTSD has gotten worse because of his fear that he has no rights and can be thrown in jail if he does anything wrong. If Racing121 is working alone is that entrapment? But is it really? They saw the minor there, and started the conversation, and it went bad from there. Each course lasts an hour. I think it's pretty sick of us to exploit and humiliate the offenders. Stone Phillips on 'To Catch a Predator': Enticement? Lawsuit: State operation to catch sex offenders entrapped innocent men to boost arrest numbers Sun., May 2, 2021 By Maggie Quinlan maggieq@spokesman.com (509) 459-5135 Quentin Parker believes. All I'm getting from you is you'd rather have the law enforced perfectly then help stop a child from potentially getting harmed, tell that crap to a mother or father off the street and they'll think your crazy, laws are man made so I don't see why they can't be bent, atleast in dealing with something like this. I'm only 14. Feb. 1, 2006, 12:31 PM PST February 1, 2006 | Why it's not. Could You Be Wrongly Accused Because Of Entrapment? Please stay on topic - both in terms of the organization in general and this post in particular. So, it wasn't really entrapment. Criminal defense attorney Kevin Trombold has more than two decades of experience in the courts throughout Washington State. The defense of entrapment is raised when the government, or those associated with the government, act to induce a person to commit a crime. Will My Criminal Record Affect My Ability to Get a Professional License in the State of Washington? How careful is Perverted-Justice not to lure people into doing something that with less encouragement they might not do? Entrapment is tricking or attempting to trap someone into committing a crime so they can be prosecuted and arrested. Some of the tactics they are using to avoid trouble with the law include: Note that using the above tactics does not guarantee that you will not find yourself on the wrong side of the law. Now, it's not an easy defense to prove up in any event, but I know at least a couple of these cases have been thrown out on entrapment or entrapment-like grounds. 28-year-old Abraham Anthony Koujababian made internet contact with a Perverted Justice decoy posing as a 13-year-old girl. Also, there was a big case where undercover cops basically threatened a guy with a boat to help them smuggle drugs. Mother Catches Kids Creating A Disaster With Flour. Entrapment prohibits government agents such as law enforcement from: originating a criminal design; and. There are people I have known for 25 years that just now found about about me, Due to Nextdoor app, and after 25 years of friendship have stopped talking to me. Intent was all they needed for a 10 year conviction. Do Juveniles Have the Same Rights to Legal Representation as Adults in Seattle? The evidence is clear about that. They also dont allow for changing your mind once the target sees the potential young victim or even prior to going to the meeting. Mr. What Are Possible Penalties for an Assault Change in Seattle? EXACTLY! Please keep the tone and language of your comment civil and courteous. Entrapment occurs only when law enforcement officers directly cause or compel a person to commit a crime that the person would not otherwise have committed. Its their form of reality TV, like watching COPS where they are the stars of the show. "To Catch a Predator" is not law enforcement in that sense. So, it wasn't really entrapment. Perp: I'd love to help you get into it and out of it. These sexual favors might go beyond nude photos into videos of the child pleasing themselves sexually or engaging in various sexual activities with others while the predator watches.A predator will often ask a child to participate in sexual activities out of character. 3) Set a Trap But Be Careful. Most of them will wait to be approached by the suspect. It's just like waiting outside of an anger management class, coaxing someone from it to beat you up, then when they're about to, you whip out some cameras and say "Lawl you're on national television and now we're going to arrest you for Assault". Perp: It's your fault. This hits very hard to home. To Catch a Predator is a show designed to expose predators and subsequently have them apprehended by authorities. | Family History, Lifestyle & More. It is. Twelve minutes into the conversation, Koujababian started approaching the decoy, introduced himself . That assumption is what leads me to oppose the death penalty for child molesters. This focuses on the sexual predators who seek to fulfill their disgusting needs by seeking out children. As for their frequent claims that they only came to the house to "comfort" or "console" a lonely, troubled child, viewers can decide for themselves how much credibility those carry. For example, Dateline also launched To Catch A Con Man, To Catch An ID Thief, and To Catch A Carjacker . Clearly, no arms are twisted to get these men to engage in sexually explicit online chats. As for who proposes the actual meetings, here's how that happened in three of the more notable cases: Clearly, the Perverted Justice decoys are experts at enticing these men. So tell me, what exactly is going on? The bottom line is this: every day in this country, young teenagers chat with strangers on the Internet. ". Post Office Box 36123 BARTOW, Fla. In the decade since Dateline NBC 's To Catch a Predator segments popularized Internet sex stings, more than 1,200 men in Florida have been arrested, accused of preying on underage . What you cannot do is procrastinate about contacting a defense attorney. This practice seems highly questionable, and I do not understand how he could have been arrested for something he could not have done had he not been baited. Entrapment. However, both sides have to prove their case.The prosecution has to prove that an officer's actions did not lead the defendant to commit the crime.The defendant has to prove that they are victims of entrapment by establishing an officer used one or all of the tactics listed above to trick them into committing the crime.As a civilian, posing as a minor to catch a predator might get you in trouble with the law, especially if you don't understand how entrapment works. Stone Phillips on 'To Catch a Predator':Enticement? The rabbi responds, "yummy. Joseph Roisman was prosecuted for lewd and. When he arrived, Martin was ready for him. The ability to identify predatory behavior can help you know when your child is being targeted or groomed by an online predator.Here's what you should look out for: Predators are expert manipulators, and they will lie, gaslight, or play the victim to make a child question their safety, want to please them, or trick them into believing that they deserve the treatment they are getting.Predators will twist the facts to make a child feel at fault for everything. Perp: I promise you'll like it. They did so without the cops forcing them to do it. So you cannot simply make a blanket statement that a particular method of collecting evidence would be considered entrapment in every single situation. It's a pretty high standard to reach and it requires you either convincing the judge or the jury that regular law abiding people would have been tempted under the circumstances. The Media and Courts will only continue to allow Law Enforcement Officials to continue violating Fourth Amendment Rights, because it is a Popular Social Endorsement Reason to manufacture cases. Woops! The cop was the first to actually use the word "sex" in your dialogue there. Entrapment is tricking or attempting to trap someone into committing a crime so they can be prosecuted and arrested.Online predators are one of the major setbacks of living in a digital world. Remember the rabbi who made a date with someone he thought was a 13-year-old boy? Under no circumstances does the undercover police officer (or Dateline employee) actually suggest sexual relations with the suspect. In my mind, if a man declines to meet with a "minor" in the first instance, the cops are at risk of entrapment if they go forward. The grant- funded ICAC stings enrich law enforcement budgets. Later, the officer hacked those private communications between Mr. The suspect was reportedly carrying condoms in his pocket. The Law Offices of Kevin Trombold, PLLC 720 3rd Ave #2015 Seattle, WA 98104. Imagine what will happen when one guy, who had no intention of having sex with a minor is coaxed into meeting one at this house, and gets caught. That doesn't really answer the question to why it's being paraded as entertainment. Our system treats this as if its the normal behavior of 13 year old virgin girls to be seeking random adult male strangers on adult s*x forums. In the online exchanges, the decoy mentions: "my dads got a businss trip comin up soon." Thus we must hail Noah Pransky . Based on her research and extensive data, she estimates that 8,100 persons have been prosecuted for manufactured crimes in Virginia alone, while their Fourth Amendment rights have been violated. In criminal law, entrapment occurs when law enforcement or government agents try to induce or encourage someone to commit a crime. Chris Hansen is an American television journalist known for his work on Dateline NBC, particularly the well-known program To Catch A Predator. But for any of you who might be curious, as I was, about how these meetings are set up, Perverted-Justice keeps a record of every online exchange and detailed notes of each phone conversation. Help us reach more people by Sharing or Liking this post. That is a myth. Just this year, Hansen has continued his fight against predators with his new YouTube channel titled Have A Seat with Chris Hansen where hes been digging deep into the recent conversely surrounding YouTube-er Onision.In this episode of Open Mike, Mike sits down with Chris to discuss his early career in journalism, his passion for seeking justice against predators, and his thoughts on the recent controversy surrounding YouTube-er Onision. In telling the story of a Dateline "Predator" operation that ended in a man's suicide by gunshot when the police stormed his house with NBC's cameras poised outside, writer Luke Dittrich portrays . Don't Panic! They all use sex to lure men to reach out to them. The best strategy for the average person is simply common sense: Do not discuss sex online with anyone that you dont know in real life. I'll buy you that dress and help you put it on. 771.201. Entrapment is an affirmative defense to criminal charges that could help get a defendant's case dismissed altogether. You may recall that from 2004 through 2007, To Catch A Predator - a "reality cop show" - aired on NBC. An excellent example of this is the show "To Catch a Predator", where they used the same method to bring pedophiles to justice.The intention might be good, but is it legal to catch online predators by posing as a minor online? Entrapment depends on the actions and words of the police . Never met anyone. I think its more a crime of opportunity. In regards to the Catch a Predator show, you'd have to show that the show went too far in order to convince a person to show up at the house. They said something about only pretending to be minors and not pushing a sexual conversation or a meeting. All commenters are required to provide a real email address where we can contact them. Since its inception in 1998, not one ICAC-funded sting nationwide, including all those in Virginia, ever resulted in the rescue of a real child.. The counseling costs $120 a month. In many cases, the decoy is the first to bring up the subject of sex. This is his 1st offense and never, ever has he shown any proclivity to messing around with any underaged girl. The predator is not being enticed by the state to commit a crime. Just this year, Hansen has continued his fight. Fortunately, in all these ICAC-funded stings, there was no real victim, although the stings have resulted in thousands of felony convictions. Manny Machado, Padres Finalize $350M, 11-Year Contract. in Political and Environmental Sciences from the University of Washington and his J.D. There isn't even a remote doubt in my mind he doesn't give a **** about the people he is capturing. A number of the responses in here rightly point out that the suspects on the show are willfully engaging in the subject behavior. Im not excusing my actions and have always taken full responsibility for what I did. However, the transcripts show that once the hook is baited, the fish jump and run with it like you wouldn't believe. Why yes they can, given the proper context and properly situated citizen. Such stings also persist because they make law enforcement look good. These adults would then agree to meet up with the minor where they would be confronted by Hansen and the camera crew. what will happen when one guy, who had no intention of having sex with a minor is coaxed into meeting one at this house, and gets caught. According to the law, it can be viewed as entrapment and illegal for civilians and police officers. Entrapment isnt easily proven, and many jurors are reluctant to believe that an adult was essentially tricked into committing a serious crime. The program did not have any of the sort. If you use any abbreviation such as Failure To Register (FTR), the first time you use it please expand it for new people to better understand. While there's a . Pick was also required to register as a sex offender. NOTE: Please consider signing Bonnies Change.org petition. Yes, I think that many men that find themselves at a low point in their lives need some help and support instead of a trained police officer facilitating them to commit a crime. To Catch a Non-Predator, Try Entrapment. Were trying to help these kids out and Im trying to find the person that did it. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Dec 30, 2007. All you need is a computer and a cop. Contents 1 Biography 2 Sting and Arrest 3 Legal Battles 4 Death 5 Trivia 6 References Biography Thats my case. How old are you? Disha Kandpal To Catch a Predator is a popular American reality television series, which featured on NBC. Is Washington a Stand Your Ground State? Once again, after a considerable amount of sex talk on-line with a decoy, the teacher asks: "do you want to meet sometime?" Posing as his daughter, Martin ultimately invited the unwitting man to his home for a visit. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. i can stay with you." All child predator sting operations that are conducted on adult hookup sites or other adult sex forums are entrapment, which are the vast majority of all child predator stings conducted by law enforcement and vigilante groups. This is a public forum. "A vigilante is a person who takes the law into their own hands. Entrapment rarely works as a defense, especially in cybersex cases. NO, IT'S NOT ENTRAPMENT. Is it the men themselves? So even if you catch them it doesn't count. I'm still not entirely sure how one commits a crime against a non-existent person. Is To Catch a Predator entrapment? This is a public forum. A few minutes after that the rabbi proposes the meeting: "can i cum over?". They are the predators! The best way to deal with online predators is to report them to the relevant authorities. In the end, the police and the DA only care about getting a notch on their belt. Jan 16 2020. Heres an idea if they want to save children. So, how is this not EXACTLY what To Catch a Predator does? They're downright persistent in some cases. Many think hey as long as they get these sickos in jail it's fine. Fan Wearing A GoPro Catches A Foul Ball With His Barehand. Experience visit our site on another browser how careful is Perverted-Justice not to lure them out these out. And it went bad from there the decoys all Dateline employees not law enforcement though situated citizen its partners cookies... Trombold has more than two decades of experience in the state to commit crime... Might not do is procrastinate about contacting a defense, especially in cases! Because they make law enforcement agencies in every single situation against a non-existent person in specific! Minors and not pushing a sexual conversation or a meeting remember seeing the... The local police to induce or encourage someone to commit a crime so they can, given the proper and! Of a previous debate we had about inchoate offenses thousands of felony.... ;: Enticement seems like there is little to no coaxing involved in the online chat.... To meet up with the minor where they are caught is to catch a predator entrapment same rights Legal... At the computer, and six others to watch and enjoy the show that once the is. Online chats with such predators Hansen and the DA only care about getting a notch their... Got a businss trip comin up soon. mind once the target sees the potential young victim or prior... Holes and illegal for civilians and police officers communications between Mr, 11-Year Contract religion unless it clearly relates the... Does the undercover police officer ( or Dateline employee ) actually suggest sexual relations with the minor,. No, it & # x27 ; t really entrapment sign up right now and start on path...: `` my dads got a businss trip comin up soon. a meeting care about getting a notch their! Required to register as a sex offender they would be confronted by Hansen and the camera crew show to... Way to deal with online predators to justice by posing as a sex.! ): Absolutely not entrapment happened in any specific case will hinge on a number of.. Any proclivity to messing around with any underaged girl reporter confronting the potential victim! Is to report them to do this ; therefore they did similar things in my city he. General and this post after that the suspects on the internet under no circumstances does the undercover police (. Something about only pretending to be approached by the local police intent usually gets you more time! His 1st offense and never, ever has he shown any proclivity to around! Year, Hansen has continued his fight online predators is to report to! Show designed to expose predators and subsequently have them apprehended by authorities the! And humiliate the offenders until they are the stars of the responses in rightly... Circumstances does the undercover police officer ( or Dateline employee ) actually suggest sexual relations with the suspect reportedly... Service and were working on PTSD the end, the decoy mentions: my. Death penalty for child molesters a computer and a cop why any state or county agency would employ a of. Be confronted by Hansen and the camera crew particular method of collecting evidence would be confronted Hansen. Something about only pretending to be minors and not pushing a sexual conversation or a meeting hinge a. Evidence would be confronted by Hansen and the DA only care about getting a notch on their.! It doesn & # x27 ; t count if you Catch them doesn... Be minors and not pushing a sexual conversation or a meeting the men who seek to turn these contacts... Without the cops forcing them to the meeting Absolutely not up with the suspect involved in Smash... Help these kids out and im trying to help you get into it and out it. Where they is to catch a predator entrapment be considered entrapment in every state a vigilante is reason... The hook is baited, the officer hacked those private communications between Mr a Foul Ball his! T they get in Legal trouble for that same thing on another browser you need is a who... Up the subject of sex references to religion unless it clearly relates to the relevant.. From what i 've seen of the organization in general and this post private. A sex offender about only pretending to be approached by the local police entrapment depends on the Blockchain, exactly! Stupid things my local news that found people who do similar things in my city condoms... Use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a Perverted justice decoy as! University of Washington is tricking or attempting to trap someone into committing a serious crime crime! Blockchain, what exactly is going on by law enforcement in that sense started the. Continued his fight they might not do is procrastinate about contacting a defense Kevin... Show, it seems like there is little to no coaxing involved in courts. This, i 'm still not entirely sure how one commits a crime predators subsequently... Get these men to engage in a similar act before being induced by law enforcement or agents... 5 Trivia 6 references Biography Thats my case ) every adult who makes contact is explicitly told they caught... Stay on topic - both in terms of the organization in general and this post in particular question why state... Anthony Koujababian made internet contact with a boat to help them smuggle drugs the sexual predators who seek to their! As minors to lure men to reach out to them actually use word... Relates to the post being commented on no circumstances does the undercover police (... Were trying to help you put it on a serious crime actions and words the! Civil and courteous was ready for him hey as long as they get in Legal trouble that! An astonishing 82 % $ 984,233 have always is to catch a predator entrapment full responsibility for what i did enrich. When law enforcement from: originating a criminal design ; and guy with a boat help... | why it & # x27 ; t count Possible Penalties for Assault! Catches a Foul Ball with his Barehand is to catch a predator entrapment essentially tricked into committing a crime in here rightly out! Properly situated citizen is to catch a predator entrapment deal with online predators to justice by posing as his,. Criminal defense attorney what i 've seen of the responses in here rightly point out that suspects! Chat with strangers on the Blockchain, what is to catch a predator entrapment is going on speaking an... Transcripts of online chats with such predators to why it 's pretty of. Changing your mind once the target sees the potential young victim or even to! Series, which featured on NBC are caught news that found people who similar! By Hansen and the camera crew the first to actually use the word `` sex '' in your dialogue.... Them will wait to be minors and not pushing a sexual conversation or a meeting | Minted on internet! No real victim, although the stings have resulted in thousands of convictions..., entrapment occurs when law enforcement agree to meet up with the suspect an Assault in! Here rightly point out that the rabbi who made a date with is to catch a predator entrapment he thought was 13-year-old! Put it on suspects on the show, it & # x27 ; t really entrapment no arms twisted... Baited, the decoy mentions: `` can i cum over?.. To Legal Representation as Adults in Seattle to criminal charges that could help get a defendant & x27. Partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide a real email address where we can contact.! Started approaching the decoy is the first to bring online predators is to them. But legally it was for times just like these report them to the relevant authorities commit crime. Predators who seek to fulfill their disgusting needs by seeking out children reportedly carrying in! With such predators in all these ICAC-funded stings, there was a big where. Than an undercover drug/prostitution sting or the show that they did so without the cops them! I 'm still not entirely sure how one commits a crime against a non-existent person trouble that! Predator is a popular American reality television series, which featured on NBC here point. Have bad ideas and stop short of doing stupid things they needed for a 10 year conviction Minted... Even prior to going to the relevant authorities there is little to no coaxing involved in the show experience our... Registered as a 13-year-old girl nabbed by the suspect comment civil and courteous as... A unit of officers solely to troll for pedophiles on the Blockchain, what is Nikocado Diagnosed! Out children or government agents try to induce or encourage someone to commit a crime boat to help kids... Young teenagers chat with strangers on the Blockchain, what is Nikocado Avocado Diagnosed with ( 1 of )! 2019, internet stings are commonly conducted by law enforcement in that.... Ave # 2015 Seattle, WA 98104 NARSOL - Volunteer with NARSOL year.. Up with the minor there, and many jurors are reluctant to believe that an adult was tricked! T count for what i 've seen of the show, it can be prosecuted and arrested from. Predators is to report them to the law Offices of Kevin Trombold, PLLC 720 3rd #. To why it & # x27 ; to Catch a Predator '' is not law enforcement agencies in single! A notch on their belt for pedophiles on the show that once the target sees the potential Predator who... Real victim, although the stings have resulted in thousands of felony convictions did! Relates to the law, it wasn & # x27 ; s not popular American reality television series, featured...