No third party can do so. Due to Tokuras previous position and his lobbying efforts on behalf of JASRAC, his appointment sparked concerns about his ability to balance protecting the rights of artists and creators while also ensuring the freedom of individuals who use copyrighted works.8. and Japan Airlines changed its dress code, allowing female flight attendants to wear pants and flat shoes.6, Four civil society organizations, J-ALL, Athlete Ally, All Out, and Human Rights Watch jointly called for online signatures for a petition calling for the government to adopt legislation that protects members of the LGBT+ community from discrimination; the petition, which was submitted to the LDP in March 2021, had over 40,000 signatures from Japanese individuals.7 In this scenario, an ISP could give the complainant information to identify the postersuch as their name or IP addresswithout that persons consent, raising privacy concerns. However, some digital activities require separate registration. To help limit its effectiveness, two local dailies instituted fact-checking processes. A week after the petition launched, it was revealed that Mori would resign as the head of the Olympic Organizing Committee.3, Women in Japan have also mobilized online through the #KuToo movement, which opposes a requirement that women wear high heels in the workplace. Article 175 of the Criminal Code of Japan is to prevent the distribution and sale of of indecent material, and its current interpretation includes pornography. It can be done by various methods and for a range of justifications. However, in October of 2012, the Japanese government stated that Article 23(1) was abolished and, therefore, same-sex . In March 2020, the government approved a revision of the Copyright Act, criminalizing the downloading of unlicensed manga, magazines, and academic publications with a prison term of up to two years, a fine of 2 million ($18,000), or both. In 2016, Makoto Sakurai, a personality known for anti-Korean rhetoric, opened a channel on online television station AbemaTV; a rush of online criticism followed, and the channel was deleted.4, Social media platforms occasionally restrict content at the governments request. As 2021 nears its close, a spasm of book banning has spread surprisingly quickly among state and local officials. We're doing our best to get things working smoothly! Authorities typically do not order service providers to block or filter content in Japan. A Change.org petition calling for Mori's resignation garnered more than 145,000 signatures in one week. Individuals who have criticized the ruling LDP and the government have also faced targeted harassment. Some companies offer free Wi-Fi, including the private company Wire and Wireless (Wi2), part of the KDDI group, which provides free internet access in restaurants, coffee shops, and train stations; registration requires an email address.6 This year, China's National Film Board tightened regulations on foreign films requiring that they now undergo a second round of reviews by the Chinese Communist Party. Japanese politician Yamada Taro has proposed changes to Criminal Code 175, so that hentai and pornography would no longer be censored. Internet freedom continued to improve in Japan during this reporting period. Under the Act on the Protection of Specially Designated Secrets, intentional leaks can draw penalties of up to 10 years imprisonment, while unintentional leaks can be punished with up to two years in prison. The city has considered measures to deal with online hate speech, but did not implement a specific ordinance to address this activity. Does the government exercise technical or legal control over internet infrastructure for the purposes of restricting connectivity? In June 2021, after the coverage period, the Fukuoka District Court sentenced Romi Hoshino to three years in prison and a fine of 10 million ($90,692) for allegedly operating the manga piracy website, Mangamura (see B1). Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/revuwuPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/RevsaysdesuTwitter: ht. These rights are generally upheld in practice, though some social and legal constraints exist, and several laws have negative implications for free speech. During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical personnel were also targets for harassment on social media. Changes to broadcasting laws in 1950 prohibited the government from direct interference with programmingthough its board of governors is still appointed by the prime minister and its budget approved by the Dietand permitted the establishment of private commercial broadcasting stations. Japanese and American Legal Systems. In April 2019, the Macnica Networks Corporation, an information-technology trading firm, stated that groups reportedly connected to China were suspected of targeting private companies; it cited alleged efforts by Chinese cyberespionage group APT10 to hack Japanese defense companies in 2018.6, In January 2020, the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation disclosed that that it experienced massive cyberattacks in June 2019. Police can request these details, along with usage logs, if they detect illegal online activity. Authorities have used the law to convict the operators of manga piracy site Mangamura (see C2 and C3). Access is well distributed across the population, though access is less common among the elderly.4 However, harassment and intimidation, particularly against women and individuals with at least one Black parent, persist. On February 2, 2021, the Indonesian Government enacted the implementing regulation of the Omnibus Law (Law No.11 of 2020 on Job Creation) regarding the environmental sector, Government Regulation No. The constitutional right to secrecy of communications is also protected under telecommunications laws.2 Former President Donald Trump late last year signed a law that requires US-listed companies to be held to American auditing standards and establish they are not owned or controlled by a foreign. In one significant instance, government officials and the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) withheld data about pollution after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. Individuals can generally use the internet anonymously in Japan. There are some reasons why it has been not modified since . Masayuki Nakamoto, 43, was said to have made about 11 million yen ($96,000) from peddling over 10,000 processed porn clips, and was formally accused of selling ten hardcore photos for 2,300 yen ($20). Arbitrariness And Censorship Are Back In The West Written by Thierry MEYSSAN on 02/01/2021 When we founded the Voltaire Network in 1994, our first concern was to defend freedom of expression in France, and then around the world. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Docomo, KDDI, and SoftBank all launched commercial fifth-generation (5G) services in March 2020.3 In February 2019, civil society groups and ordinary users issued a joint statement asking the MIC to suspend the program,5 Does the state block or filter, or compel service providers to block or filter, internet content, particularly material that is protected by international human rights standards? The future being, oh, around the year. And in Japan, case law precedent offers non . YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and international blog-hosting services are freely available, as are popular local platforms like Niconico, the video-sharing site, and LINE, a chat application that was launched in Japan in 2011. It criminalized planning to commit a series of newly designated serious crimes that could supposedly fund terrorism, including copyright violations, potentially making more suspects subject to wiretaps. Ensafi's team found that censorship is increasing in 103 of the countries studied, including unexpected places like Norway, Japan, Italy, India, Israel and Polandcountries which the paper notes are rated as some of the freest in the world by advocacy group Freedom House. Donald Trump's claim that his anti-BDS order "targets antisemitism" was presented as fact in the New York Times headline ( 12/10/19 . The Agency for Cultural Affairs has jurisdiction over copyright law and provides guidance and supervision to copyright management organizations, including JASRAC. A new player, e-commerce company Rakuten, which seeks to become Japans fourth major mobile service provider, launched its mobile service in April 2020.2. The society at large prefers harmony, and people avoid criticizing the role of Japans emperor, especially when connected with historical events like World War II. With seemingly no judicial oversight and potential access to millions of users personal devices, NOTICE has raised serious privacy concerns. The man originally argued that he was defamed by false information.15, The Internet Hotline Center (IHC), operated through the SIA as part of a contract with the National Police Agency (NPA), cooperates with ISPs to solicit reports of illegal or harmful content from the public.16 Historically, Japans internet connections were forged through cooperation among government agencies (including then government-owned NTT), universities, and national research institutions.2. While users have a choice of providers for internet services, certain companies dominate the market. The law is scheduled to take effect by the end of 2022. The amendments expanded the scope of personal data and eliminated restrictions on the laws extraterritorial applications. Some observers said this was an attempt to control public discourse, though deletions were not widespread. Japanese residents exercise some self-censorship online, often on historical and social issues. With the space for such advocacy under threat in many . The platform provided data in 42 percent of cases.17. In 2017, the Japanese Supreme Court ruled in favor of Google and established criteria for delisting search results that same year.10 Some companies report on data requests they receive from government agencies. Some of those arrested were fined 100,000 ($906).5 Once the SIA receives a report, it will either file a police report or make a request for removal to the relevant domestic or overseas provider.18. Are individuals subject to extralegal intimidation or physical violence by state authorities or any other actor in relation to their online activities? Japan is primarily a civil law country, and the United States is primarily a common law country. Does the government place restrictions on anonymous communication or encryption? Under the guidelines, anyone can report material that infringes directly on their personal rights to the service provider, either to have it removed or to find out who posted it. The IHCs website offers online forms for reporting objectionable content, such as material that features obscene images, child sexual abuse images, illegal drugs, or prostitution, as well as a referencing system that allows users to look up the status of submitted reports. However, most online media remain small and community based.1 Many experts have indicated their concern about ambiguous components of the law that could be abused. In Japan it is now against the law to be mean on the internet. According to Article 23(1) of Japan's Public Housing Law, it only applies to married and unmarried different-sex couples. However, there is some criticism that the ongoing price war has prevented smaller companies from entering the market.4 The information collected is reportedly stored for around two months, during which it is analyzed to determine if it is of interest to the DFS. Voters found to have improperly solicited support for a candidate via email could be fined 500,000 ($4,534) or imprisoned for two years.10, Article 175 of the penal code bans the sale or distribution of obscene material, and while the relevant provisions date back more than century, they are considered to apply online.11 In April 2021, Reporters Without Borders also criticized the kisha club system in their annual World Press Freedom Index.4. Japanese man arrested for stealing women's shoes and replacing them with new ones; Japanese office disaster: man pees in drink bottle of woman coworker because "he liked her" Japanese Twitter reacts to Logan Paul's "Japanese Suicide Forest" video; Man travels 100 kilometers in middle of the night in Japan to punch another dude in . I know they sold 2 different versions of RE games at least, a more censored version and a less censored version for adults. In a 2015 lawsuit, the Tokyo High Court ordered Yahoo Japan to delete 11 search results that linked a mans name to criminal behavior. During the current ordinary session of the Diet, the Japanese government plans to revise the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act in order to prevent the long-term detention of foreign. The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet. (Feb. 22, 2021) On December 30, 2020, Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin signedFederal Law No. While Article 21 of the Constitution of Japan guarantees freedom of expression and prohibits formal censorship, effective censorship of obscene content does exist and is justified by the Article 175 of the Criminal Code of Japan. Does monitoring and collection of user data by service providers and other technology companies infringe on users right to privacy? It is a troubling sign of the times in Japan when the government fails to unequivocally condemn threats of violence that target freedom of expression while politicians grandstand on censoring art. You will go to prison. While cyberattacks against journalists and activists are rare, private companies have been targeted in previous coverage periods. There is also a degree of self-censorship concerning human rights problems, in some cases linked to instances of apparent political pressure.2, Progovernment online commentators are prevalent across Japan. Though exceptional, such incidents still exert a chilling effect on Japanese online expression. The number of interceptions has more than doubled from the previous year, partly due to the introduction of new procedures that allow the police to wiretap individuals without witnesses from telecommunication companies.11, The wiretap law was controversial when it passed, in part due to the authorities periodic abuse of surveillance powers.12 Infrastructure was also severely damaged in 2011, when an earthquake and tsunami hit Japans east coast, triggering the destruction of a nuclear power plant in Fukushima. The law was passed in June 2020 and took effect in January 2021.7, A 2013 revision of the Public Offices Election Act lifted long-standing restrictions on the use of the internet for election campaigns. The court indicated that points such as the content of the search results, the scope of disclosure, the social status of the persons involved, the social situation, and the necessity of disclosing facts were critical in deciding whether search engine results should be removed.13 In recent years, content removals have focused on hate speech and illegal content, including child sexual abuse images and intimate images shared without the subjects consent. In June 2020, Japan passed amendments to the Act on the Protection of Personal Information. During Diet sessions, when questions were raised as to whether the Ministry of Defense and the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office were intercepting phone calls and e-mails, the government declined to answer.12. Increasing smartphone use has made the mobile market more competitive and resulted in improved pricing options, although the cost of service can otherwise be quite high. (Kotaku also says that Japanese porn is painstakingly censored by hand, earning the highly skilled laborers $15 per hour.) Abe was . Japan is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. 22/2021, which came into force in February 2021, simplifies the licensing and certain other procedures required . In response, hashtags such as Tokyo Shimbun reporter restricted from asking questions, toward a country where we can freely ask questions, and we have the right to know trended on Twitter.9 Japan's laws on censorship have become a more frequent topic of discussion among anime fans in the past few months. Some self-regulatory bodies also manage content and other issues. No major foreign operators have successfully penetrated the telecommunications market independently. During the previous coverage period, Ishikawa Yumi, the woman who launched the #KuToo campaign, reported facing online harassment over her work, frequently from men (see B8).6, Physical violence in relation to online activities is rare. In May 2021, the Diet enacted the Digital Reform Bill, which streamlines how officials in Japan handle and share data and revises how personal data is protected under the law. GR No. At the end of the coverage period, the government had not taken steps to restrict use of the platform. Security agents and the military were accused of conducting illegal surveillance in cases involving national security in 2003 and 2004.13 An online petition that received 145,000 signatures called for the resignation of the chairman of the Tokyo Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, Yoshiro Mori, after he made sexist comments. Political rights and civil liberties are generally well respected. 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