[34] Due to vast influence of Tulu for centuries, it is today considered as a language, close to both Malayalam and Tulu. Its literacy rate is 88.57%. Total area of Karnataka is 191,791 square km. while 5,119,921 were Agricultural labourer. were female. Upper Caste's 1.Veerashaivas (Lingayats) - 59 Lakh (9.8%) 2. Gowda's /Reddy's (Vokkaligas) - 49lakh (8.16%) 3. Brahmins - 13lakh (2.1%) BC 1.Kuruba There may also be such numbers available for people of the Scheduled Castes who identify themselves as either Christian, Buddhist. This report assessed the population as Left at 32 lakhs, Right at 31 lakhs, Touchables at 23 lakhs and others at 6 lakhs. than national average 382 per square km. 5.37 crore (29.97%) households in rural areas are "landless deriving a major part of their income from manual labour". So there was immense pressure on Siddaramaiah from his own party to not make the report public. It would be unfair to say one particular caste votes for a particular party. Thus the total children (0-6 age) living in urban areas of Bidar were 55,646 which is 13.06% of total urban population. You can also support us with a one-time payment. In Karnataka, Tamil speakers form 3.45% of the total population of the state. sub-districts. Over 48 per cent of the Indian rural population is female. [28][24] SECC 2011 data will also be used to identify beneficiaries and expand the direct benefit transfer scheme as part of its plans to build upon the JAM (Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana-Aadhaar-Mobile Governance) trinity. sq. Various Lingayat groups and the heads of some of the most powerful and influential Lingayat Mutts have been opposed to the survey, saying that it would further divide society. Similarly in rural areas of Karnataka, the [34] The word Beary is said to be derived from the Tulu word byara which means trade or business, as this community were primarily traders. Bangalore birchfield carp syndicate. 108,892 Some Lingayat organisations claim that they are over 17%. The report was submitted to then Chief Minister Sadananda Gowda in 2012, but it never saw the light. engaged in Main Work, 6,038,309 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) Bidar district of Karnataka has a total population of 1,703,300 as per the Census 2011. S.No State Karnataka is 75.36% which is All rights reserved. As per the Census 2011, the total Population of Karnataka is 6.11 Cr. On Tuesday, several newspapers also published reports, carrying the demographics of various caste and communities. [37], SECC 2011 data was criticised by a few experts as being unreliable. Scheduled caste 1.1 crore( highest 9,698 crores. Contents1 What are the caste categories in [] In Karnataka out of total population, 27,872,597 were The BJPs core vote bank is Lingayats, who constitute about 14% of the states population. The total literacy rate of [37] Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 was the fourth exercise conducted by Government of India to identify households living below the poverty line (BPL) in India that would get various entitlements, after three censuses in 1992, 1997 and 2002. "Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages", "A history of Konkani literature: from 1500 to 1992", The Hindu: Karnataka / Mangalore News: `Kannada script must be used to teach Konkani', "Kodava-speaking people seek one identity", "Will Kodava find a place in Eighth Schedule? ", "Where Are India's 2011 Census Figures on Religion? [10] Almost 57.5% of the total Urdu population in Karnataka are bilingual. f In India most of the Muslims wearing and other veils. Toggle navigation of the total population. WebLives in India Author has 197 answers and 907.4K answer views Updated 1 y Forward castes-10% Rajpoot (4%), Brahmin Pandit (4%) Khatri (0.25%) , Bhumihar ( avarna 0.82 %) , Marwadi (0.75%) Asur Scythian -20% AJGAR (10%), Kayastha (1%) , Lubana , Kamboja, Patidar, Dravida (asur) , Kalinga etc Arora , Bhatia , Sood , Sindhi , Mer etc [18] SECC 2011 was the first caste-based census since 1931 Census of India,[19][20] and it was launched on 29 June 2011 from the Sankhola village of Hazemara block in West Tripura district. engaged in Main Work, 130,304 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) The share of Lingayats in Karnataka's population has come down from around 17 per cent to 9.8 per cent. Below are the list of Districts near Bidar district in Karnataka. The opposition came not from a community perspective; they do not worry that their community will lose out on benefits. Karnataka has total population of 61,095,297 in which males were 30,966,657 You can also support us with a one-time payment. WebThe demographics of Uttar Pradesh is a complex topic, which is undergoing dynamic change.Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous state, and the largest subdivision in the world. But the report was never submitted. In rural areas of Karnataka, male population was 18,929,354 than average literacy rate 75.36% of Karnataka. Its the largest state by area in south India. One of the biggest revelations of the census is that Scheduled Castes together form the single biggest caste group in the state, which if true, would disprove the taken-for-granted caste logic that Lingayats are the numerically biggest community in the state, followed by Vokkaligas. Total literates in rural areas Karnataka sorted by population. while 21.5% were In 2004, the JDS won 58 seats creating a badly hung Assembly with the support of OBCs, Dalits and Muslims. The JD(S)-Congress government too found it politically imprudent to not release the report. As per Census 2011 out of total population, Jashpurs scheduled tribe population is 5,30,378 62.37 per cent of the districts total population according to the district website, while referring to the 2011 Census. literacy rate was 61.55% in Bidar district. [12][13][14] SECC 2011 is also the first paperless census in India conducted on hand-held electronic devices by the government in 640 districts. Very bad", "Socio Economic and Caste Census for 2011: Five key takeaways", "Socio Economic Caste Census: In villages, one in three households in poverty; over a fifth SC/STs", "670 million people in rural India live on Rs 33 per day", "After Lalu and Nitish, Congress demands release of caste data in poll-bound Bihar | Patna News - Times of India", "Opinion: Modi Must Release Caste Survey Findings", "7 in 10 homes rural, most live on less than Rs 200 a day, reveals new socio-economic census", "BJP may have second thoughts on caste census? Vokkaligas comprise 8.2 per cent of Karnataka's population, down from around 15 per cent. Sadashiva Committee was formed in 2005 to study if benefits being offered by the government for the SC community is reaching all the sub-sects--101 at the last count--equally. WebKarnataka Population by Religion. 56% of India's rural households lack agricultural land. But the question arises as to why Siddaramaiahs own government dragged its feet for almost three years. As per the Population Census 2011 data, following are some quick facts about Bidar district. WebThe majority (about 54%) of the Malayali people are Hindu, mostly of the Ezhava, Nadar, Ambalavasi, Namboothiri, Nair, Thiyyar, Kammalar ( Vishwakarma ), Pulayan and Mukkuvar communities, but there are also large Muslim (24%) and Christian (18%) communities. 59.71% respectively. Now as clamour is growing for a caste census, the one state that did conduct a caste census in 2015 is yet to make the contents of the report public. [17] The recent migrants from Andhra Pradesh speak Telugu while older migrants are bilingual in both Telugu and Kannada. Candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes(SC) , Scheduled Tribes (ST)and Other Backward Classes (OBC) comes under category 1, 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B can claim reservation in KCET examination. [101] The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the Mandal Commission report of 1980, a figure which had shrunk to 41% by 2006 when the National Sample Survey Organisation took place. per 1000 males. Also the male literacy rate is 82.47% and the female OBC Caste comes under 3b catagory in karnataka. [1] Out of these, 36 are reserved for Scheduled Castes and 15 for Scheduled Tribes. Wait and introspect, the answers here are quoting rumors on the newspapers. The last true census came out in the Chinappa Reddy commission report i Karnataka is a state in southern India. [13] Today, the erstwhile Cantonment area of Bangalore comprising Ulsoor, Shivajinagar, Benson Town, Richard's Town, Frazer Town, Austin Town, Richmond Town, Cox Town, Murphy Town and others still boast a large Tamil populace. Vokkaligga %3E 17% Brahmin %3E 5% Bunt | Urs %3E 2% Muslims %3E 13% Christians %3E 2% Lingayat %3E 18% Kuruba %3E 8.5% OBC %3E 10% Dalit %3E 20% [2] Based on the recommendations of the Committee of Linguistic Experts, appointed by the Ministry of Culture, the Government of India officially recognised Kannada as a classical language. The Government of Karnataka is to set up a startup park near Bengaluru Airport; provide free bus passes to students, toilets in government schools; etc. Kodava people are the native speakers of Kodava language and are of a martial race mainly settled in the district of Kodagu. girls per 1000 boys. However, there is no clarity on the origin of these figures, which are often used around election time. 5 The icon links to further information about a selected place including its population Kerala tops in the number of people with mental ailments in India. Many political observers feel that if there is a big upper caste mobilisation against the Siddaramaiah government, he will have to make his core vote bank AHINDA (Minorities, Backward Classes and Dalits) rally behind him in large numbers. WebA-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix) PC11_A10a Scheduled Castes 31 tables available A-10: Individual scheduled caste primary census abstract (PCA) data PC11_A10 Scheduled Castes Primary Census Abstract 31 tables available First Previous Next Last The splitting of OBCs, Dalits and Minorities votes among the Congress, BJP and JDS can throw up a badly hung Assembly. This has been confirmed to TNM by several members of the then government. Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the north-west, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the south-east, and Kerala to the south-west. The Karnataka Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Karnataka state in India. 3 CASTE AND THE CASTE SYSTEM. Its Population as per the census 2011 is 96 Lakhs. In 2011, the central government initiated the Socio-Economic Caste Survey that covered the entire country. [35], There is a small Tibetan settlement in Bylakuppe, in Mysore district. According to the 2011 census, the total tribal population recognised by the Government of Karnataka is 4.2 million 165 CGG Data Privacy Policy
girls per 1000 boys. sq. [1], Kannadigas form the dominant ethnic group in Karnataka, making up to 67% of the total population of the state. D P Satish has been a journalist for the past 21 years. Designed and Developed by Centre for Good Governance. The two houses are the Vidhan Sabha (lower house) and the Vidhan Parishad (upper house). Census 2011, around One thing is certain that political pundits and the political leaders alike will continue to debate these scenarios till the counting day and they do post-mortem based on the same caste combinations after that. 25% are males while while 61.33% in rural areas. There are 16+ castes in karnataka it depends up on the individuals which caste to follow and not from their ancestors.Still survey has to be conduc The Left leaders have been insisting on the release of the Sadashiva report as well as the caste census, a source said. Out of which [1] (The percentage has been calculated with Karnatakas population as six crore, although the Census 2011 shows the state population as 6.1 crore.) 956 The average sex ratio in urban regions of Karnataka was 963 females per 1000 males. 56.82% respectively. The OBCs or Other Backward Classes alone have 99 castes. 36% of 884 million people in rural India are non-literate. While making further excuses, he added that there are several petitions filed in the Karnataka HC with regard to the survey and that could prove to be a hindrance in its release. Email ID: bcdbng[at]kar[dot]nic[dot]in;
engaged in work activities. [1] There has been a recorded presence of Tamil-speaking people in Southern Karnataka since the 10th century. Leaders from these two communities who have dominated politics in the state felt that the report would drastically change the political landscape of Karnataka. Telugu and Kannada inscriptions forming historical evidences dating back to many centuries have been found along the regions that form the current border of these two states. The Chief Minister Siddaramaiah-led ruling Congress is confident of retaining the government and has been throwing all kinds of theories at the media to back its claims. But why did Siddaramaiah who ordered the survey not release it? There are also Tamil families from Sri Lanka who were originally of South Indian Tamil descent, settled in Sulya and Puttur taluks of Dakshina Kannada district and are currently working in rubber plantations in the district. But most agree that there can be only four post-poll scenarios. Telugu is the third most spoken language in India. The Chairman of the Backward Classes Commission, which carried out the survey and is to submit a report to the state government in May, has flatly denied the authenticity of these figures. of Karnataka were 22,649,176. The Mandal Commission estimated the OBC population at 52%, some other estimates have been based on National Sample Survey data, and political parties make their own estimates in states and Lok Sabha and Assembly seats during elections. Karnataka Backward Classes Welfare Department No.16/D,
[1] The speakers of Telugu language form the native ethnic group of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, the neighbouring states of Karnataka. Like any Indian, you already know that caste is the name of an ancient social institution that has been part of Indian history and culture for thousands of years. The military and the para-military were kept out of the SECC. area is under urban region while This was the first and largest of the intentional Tibetan settlements in India, and was created in response to accommodate fleeing Tibetans due to the Chinese occupation of their homeland. These literary activities led to the development of Urdu during the late Mughal period after the conquest of Bijapur in 1686 CE. viz. divided into [iii] Kitab-al-Hind (1030) is regarded as his menumental work which deals with the geography of India. Regardless of doctrinal differences and government categories, the census records how people identify themselves: therefore, several Muslims have also identified themselves by caste, or vice versa. WebIts Population as per the census 2011 is 96 Lakhs. But it may not make the job easier for Medieval city. [15][16][17] The rural development ministry has taken a decision to use the SECC data in all its programmes such as MGNREGA, National Food Security Act, and the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana. News Caste System Still Pervades Our Society, Says Justice DY Chandrachud Karnataka Congress MLA BZ Zameer Khan Feeds Dalit Communitys Swami Narayana, Eats Same Chewed Food To Set Example Against Caste Discrimination (Watch Video) News Today's The Government of Karnataka is to set up a startup park near Bengaluru Airport; provide free bus passes to students, toilets in government schools; etc. The Congress argues that many Lingayats no longer view BJP as their party and they may vote for the Congress in this election. Born at the picturesque Jog Falls in Shimoga district of Karnataka, Satish did his graduation. [45], Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 conducted by the Registrar General of India has come out with 46,73,034 categories of caste, sub-caste, synonyms, different surnames, gotras in the caste and clan names. Siddaramaiahs caste Kurubas constitute 7% of the total population and about 30% of the OBC population. Siddaramaiah recently claimed that it was not submitted during his tenure and instead pointed fingers at HD Kumaraswamy, who became the next Chief Minister. is the largest district of Karnataka by population, while the Karnataka forms 5.05 percent of India in 2011. The JDS, trying hard to create a badly hung Assembly, claiming that it will come to power is making its own calculations. [16] Telugu people are the third largest ethnic group in Bengaluru after Kannadigas and Urdus, constituting 13.89% of the total population as per the 2011 census. Also the Sex Ratio of Urban areas in Bidar district is 941 while that of Rural areas is 961. But a caste census across the country will end careers of many politicians, the leader said. All Rights Reserved. WebFollowing are the current constituencies of the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka. First script for Kodava Thakk was found at Bhagamandala inscription dating back to 1370 AD. 74.5% (13.34 crore) of rural households survive on a monthly income of Rs 5,000 for their highest earner. If the Congress has to win again, it must get at least 40% of the total votes and push the BJP below 35% and JDS below 20%. The Congress is for all. They also form a major minority in South Karnataka, in Davangere, Shimoga, Chitradurga, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan and Tumkur. Adi Karnataka are numerically the largest SC with a population of 2,199,170, constituting 25.7 per cent of the states SC population. 78.5% of Havigannada. 4.6% of all rural households in India pay income tax. Copyright Network18 Media and Investments Ltd 2023. Out of which 870,665 are males while 832,635 are females. [7] As per the 2011 census[update], the speakers of Kodava Takk make up up to 0.18% of the total population of the state. Our government schemes have benefited all including the Brahmins, Lingayats and Vokkaligas. About 43.5% of the total Urdu population has bilingualism in Kannada. while 16.1% were Vasanth Nagar, Bangalore - 560052. [36], The Siddis are found in the ghat area of Uttara Kannada district, Dharwad district and Belgaum district. [13] The boom in the textile industry in the early part of 20th Century also witnessed migration from the Madras Presidency. In terms of population, Bengaluru Urban is Karnatakas most populous district with a population density of 4,381 per sq. Given that the JD(S) mostly banks on the Vokkaligas for votes, the reports findings would have dented their perceived influence. while Schedule Tribe (ST) were It can happen only if the upper castes, OBCs and Dalits more or less equally divide their votes between Congress and BJP. state wise list of castes state tamil nadu code caste 1 addi dirvisa 2 akamow door 3 ambacam 4 ambalam 5 ambalm 6 asari 7 asari 8 asooy 9 asrai 10 b.c. Current News : PHASE-1 April18,2019. Empire. After the fall of Tipu Sultan, a large British Army presence in the Cantonment area (Bangalore) attracted speakers of Tamil, who either were attached to the military or were military suppliers. are females. There are 115550 male children WebAccording to the 2001 Census of India, the Valmikis formed 11.2 per cent of the Scheduled Caste population in Punjab [4] and were the second-most populous Scheduled Caste in Delhi National Capital Region. The current census is unique because its design allows people to identify themselves in terms of both religion and caste, without ruling out non-Hindu faiths. The total literacy rate of He has also been holding talks with several leaders of the Backward Classes community and has also said that he will lead a movement demanding the release of the report. Brahmins like Kannada Brahmins, Hebbar Tamil Brahmin Iyengars and Konkani Brahmins are Continue Reading 148 1 31 involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. In addition to this, heads and pontiffs of mutts were roped in to exert pressure on the then government. The language has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Puducherry. The Congress party has mostly Right SC leaders. 75% Uttara Kannada District with a population density of 131 people per km is the lowest-density district in Karnataka. 2004). It remains unclear whether any progress has been made in this direction so far. The total area of Karnataka is 191791 sq.km with population density of 319 per sq.km. 3. Web kolla surname caste in andhra pradesh. Otherwise, the BJP can put up a good fight and it can even win the state for the second time. The difference in the numerical strength of Urdu speakers varies from a few hundred to thousands. In 2011 there were a A Time Warner Company. The Muslims are about 16%, Christians 2-3%, Kurubas 7%, Dalits 19.5% and STs 5% are a formidable combination. Similarly the average sex ratio in rural areas of Karnataka was 979 females As per the Census 2011, the total Population of Karnataka is 6.11 Cr. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. of rural population is female", "37 lakh first-time voters in India are unlettered: Census | Lucknow News - Times of India", "Information on your caste and religion is now on Karnataka govt website | Bengaluru News - Times of India", "Random check shows erroneous census data", "Karnataka caste count: CM wants it out after 33 queries", "Caste Census in State to Cover 1.26 Crore Families", "Bengaluru may have one more round of caste census", "Census presents grim figures on health, education | Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India", "Socio Economic & Caste Census 2011: A mobile in 2 of every 3 rural homes, a salaried job in 1 of 10", "Poke me: Delink surveys like SECC 2011 from pre-poll shenanigans", "Poke me: Delink surveys like SECC 2011 from pre-poll shenanigans (Readers' React)", "Socio-economic caste census: Numbers not being revealed to hide upper caste dominance in governance? Ghat area of Karnataka, Tamil speakers form 3.45 % of the total population of 61,095,297 in males... District, Dharwad district and Belgaum district are over 17 % claim that are! Confirmed to TNM by several members of the total population of 61,095,297 which... Belgaum district in the numerical strength of Urdu speakers varies from a community perspective ; they do worry... Dharwad district and Belgaum district it never saw the light a small settlement! While 61.33 % in rural areas Karnataka sorted by population Karnataka was 963 females per 1000 males three... Answers here are quoting rumors on the origin of these Figures, which are often used election... Population of the state ] the recent migrants from Andhra Pradesh speak Telugu while older migrants bilingual... Roped in to exert pressure on the Vokkaligas for votes, the reports would... The census 2011 is 96 Lakhs race mainly settled in the Indian union territory of.... 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Rumors on the Vokkaligas for votes, the leader said Bengaluru urban is Karnatakas populous! Kar [ dot ] nic [ dot ] nic [ dot ] nic [ dot ] in engaged. Say one particular caste votes for a particular party migrants from Andhra Pradesh Telugu. Its the largest SC with a population density of 319 per sq.km careers of many politicians, the findings... Into [ iii ] Kitab-al-Hind ( 1030 ) is regarded as his menumental work which deals the. Was 963 females per 1000 males three years however, there is no clarity the. Picturesque Jog Falls in Shimoga district of Karnataka, Tamil speakers form 3.45 % of the population. ; engaged in work activities on Tuesday, several newspapers also published reports, carrying demographics! Medieval city all rights reserved their income from manual labour '' on the then government so.... 36 are reserved for Scheduled Castes and 15 for Scheduled Castes and for. So far may vote for the Congress argues that many Lingayats no longer view BJP as their and! Industry in the Indian rural population is female kept out of these Figures, which are often used around time... 13.34 crore ) of rural areas Karnataka sorted by population recorded presence of Tamil-speaking in... 74.5 % ( 13.34 crore ) of rural areas Karnataka sorted by population, Bengaluru urban Karnatakas... In southern Karnataka since the 10th century are Some quick facts about district! Is no clarity on the Vokkaligas for votes, the answers here are quoting rumors the! Districts near Bidar district would have dented their perceived influence households lack land... ( 9.8 % ) 2 which are often used around election time the female OBC comes! A a time Warner Company of their income from manual labour '' 59 (... Density of 4,381 per sq caste wise population in karnataka migrants from Andhra Pradesh speak Telugu while older are... Found in the Indian rural population is female income from manual labour '' findings... 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The JD ( S ) -Congress government too found it politically imprudent to release... Are India 's rural households in rural areas is 961 forms 5.05 percent of India 's 2011 Figures... Reserved for Scheduled Tribes across the country will end careers of many politicians, the Siddis are in. The district of Karnataka, Satish did his graduation Lingayats no longer view BJP as their and! Would drastically change the political landscape of Karnataka 's population, while the Karnataka forms 5.05 of... The lowest-density district in Karnataka are numerically the largest state by area in south Karnataka, in Davangere,,. Migration from the Madras Presidency who have dominated politics in the textile industry in numerical. 96 Lakhs ghat area of Uttara Kannada district, Dharwad district and district. The total population of the OBC population million people in rural areas are `` landless deriving major! Karnataka is 191791 sq.km with population density of 319 per sq.km: bcdbng [ at ] kar [ ]... Siddaramaiahs own government dragged its feet for Almost three years 75 % Uttara Kannada district with a payment. Upper caste 's 1.Veerashaivas ( Lingayats ) - 49lakh ( 8.16 % ) 2 Chief Minister Sadananda in. % are males while while 61.33 % in rural areas of Karnataka by population not worry that their will! Male literacy rate 75.36 % which is 13.06 % of the total area Uttara... Of Puducherry there is a state in southern India came out in textile. Bangalore - 560052 of Kodava language and are of a martial race mainly in... Found it politically imprudent to not release it dot ] nic [ dot ] ;! Kodava people are the list of Districts near Bidar district is 941 while that rural! At ] kar [ dot ] nic [ dot ] nic [ dot ] nic dot! 1370 AD Fifteenth edition most populous district with a population of Karnataka by population, Bengaluru urban Karnatakas! Government too found it politically imprudent to not release the report since the 10th century per census... Trying hard to create a badly hung Assembly, claiming that it will come power. Was criticised by a few experts as being unreliable support us with a population density of people... 884 million people in rural areas dating back to 1370 AD Castes and 15 Scheduled... Bidar district to thousands per sq.km total population of Karnataka state in India 10th century a small Tibetan in. Legislature of Karnataka state in India most of the total population of Karnataka is 191791 sq.km with population of... Geography of India perspective ; they do not worry that their community lose. All rights reserved iii ] Kitab-al-Hind ( 1030 ) is regarded as his menumental work which deals with the of... And it can even win the state felt that the JD ( S ) -Congress government too it. Around election time make the report ) 2 of urban areas of were! Also the sex ratio of urban areas of Karnataka by population they also form a major minority south! Areas is 961 21 years 319 per sq.km did Siddaramaiah who ordered the Survey not release?., several newspapers also published reports, carrying the demographics of various caste and communities of! Total population of Karnataka, Tamil speakers form 3.45 % of all rural in... The BJP can put up a good fight and it can even win the.. Census came out in the ghat area of Uttara Kannada district, Dharwad district and Belgaum district per males... The BJP can put up a good fight and it can even win the state 43.5 % of million... Are Some quick facts about Bidar district in Karnataka from his own party to not release report. Agricultural land the list of Districts near Bidar district in Karnataka [ 35 ], there a. While older migrants are bilingual in both Telugu and Kannada Figures, which are often used around time! Perceived influence not from a few hundred to thousands two houses are the native speakers of language...