albuquerque tornado 1985 . Meat generally benefits from a natural release but if youve got pasta or vegetables in the pot and youre worried about overcooking the ingredients, use a quick pressure release. Sounds like you probably didnt have a good seal and lost too much liquid as it cooked. This is a good time to check that the valve on the lid of the electric pressure cooker is set to the position for pressure cooking. It is also important to refer to Instant Pot Altitude Adjustments if you live at a higher elevation. If I fill up my pressure cooker to the indicated maximum, would it be safe to keep it going for 3-4 hours? Read more. Ive often wondered about cook time or how much liquid to use and Ive been doing what you suggested by finding a similar recipe and adjusting my ingredients. I do not have a space problem, so getting rid of two to replace with one gadget is not an issue. 1 tablespoon cornstarch I have read several articles, and I am just not sure how to convert this. Just be careful with using condensed soup in the pressure cooker because if it settles to the bottom it can cause problems with achieving pressure. Hi! My recipe calls 1 and half hour to cook in old pressure cooker model do I need to lessen the time if I will use my instant pot? You will need to cook for longer if yours is one of those. Hi there. The pressure cooker excels at taking tough, fatty meats and turning theminto tender, succulent meat. You can pressure cook the chicken in chicken broth and then drain the broth and use the saute function to simmer it in the butter and cream. Thank you your article was very helpful to me! The aroma can not always help, for example in case of making plain rice. Converting pressure cooker time to stovetop time (and vice versa) can be tricky, especially if you are new to pressure cooking. 4 cloves of garlic minced Im glad you found my post helpful! and our Thank you Kristen! It depends on the size, specific weight of the weight, and what you're cooking. In the west we use time, pressure and release method; such as black beans take 25 minutes at full pressure with natural release. And it does make a huge difference in the cook time if you are converting a soup, a chili, a recipe with pasta, or a slow cooker recipe. Under no circumstances will hip pressure cooking, or its agents, be liable for any loss or damage caused by your reliance on any content, comments or forum discussions published here. Pressure Cooker Tip: Taming Leafy Greens! No conversion needed. God bless you, i was angry with my new electric pressure cooker reading all whistle recipes). If youre looking to translate a conventional or slow cooker recipe to the pressure cooker, please visit the pressure cooker recipe converter. Hi! In a pressure cooker, combine the rice, salt, and 112 cups of water, stirring well after each addition. Cooking these types of dishes on the stovetop is more time-consuming and does not give an improved flavor overcooking under pressure. 2 tablespoons Dijon mustard Seasoned Advice is a question and answer site for professional and amateur chefs. Now add them to a pressure cooker. I want to convert my old recipes for 10# and 15# pressure and dont know what setting corresponds on the Instant Pot. Additional info that the instant pot needs less water for cooking rice, lentils. Thats awesome content! Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Improve this answer. What if the ingredients have different cook times? STOP making these pressure cooking MISTAKES! convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes. For example, Modernist Cuisine's' 12psi for 90 minutes would be equivalent of 270 minutes (90x3) of conventional no-pressure cooking time. From my personal experience in cooking dal, 3-4 whistles corresponded to 5-6 mins on low heat after the pressure cooker reached full pressure. Electric pressure cookers dont start counting down the time until they are at pressure, so start your timing when your stovetop pressure cooker is at pressure. cup water And even when I am home, its quite liberating to just leave the kitchen and tackle laundry, or veg out on the couch, while the cookers making dinner! I have a Coney sauce I make includes raw hamburger, 2 cups ketchup, 2 cups water 2tsp vinegar bring to boil then ssimmer an hour how would I convert this. Ever get confused on how to adjust a recipe if you have an electric pressure cooker brand other than an Instant Pot? JLs Pressure Cooker Farro & Beans in Collard Green Wraps Reader Recipes. http://www.hippressurecooking.com/pressure-cooking-times/. Suppose your pressure cooker does not produce any whistling sound . Many have a glass lid in their pots and pans that fits the pressure cooker. Pressure Cooker Steamed and Fried Artichoke Blooms yum! Set aside. Thank you excellent info I got my IP on Prime day and I do love my slow cooker. 1 cup wild and brown rice blend (Bobs Red Mill) Sounds like youre already off to a great start with pressure cooking. or even an old fashioned slow cooker. I'm Kristen. 3. I dont have a problem washing the extra dish and find the surface of the skillet much better. Share. There are some dishes, like fried chicken or a juicy filet that should never be attempted in a pressure cooker. It depends on the recipe but you would halve it but make sure that it contains at least one cup of liquid. Transfer steak bites to a plate and drizzle with the pan sauce. convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes. Well, good news - it's much easier than . tiny black tadpole looking bug in bathroom; ff14 plasmoid iron lake location; top 10 most dangerous areas in cape town; cockapoo rescue michigan; floris nicolas ali, baron van pallandt cause of death; The pressure cooker is perfect for cooking stews and casseroles, chicken . 1 1lb package of frozen crawfish or fresh (can substitute for shrimp) Cook for 30 minutes over low-medium heat.Remove cover and test whether you can break up the jackfruit using the back of a wooden spoon. Near the end of the post right after Should I do a natural or quick pressure release? The whistling sound is just a signal to reduce the heat. Season with paprika, salt, and pepper; set aside. I made 2 racks of ribs (just over 6 lbs) in my new Power Cooker XL using 1-1/2 cups of apple juice with about 1/2 tsp liquid smoke in in and chopped onions in the bottom of the pot. What ingredients shouldnt I use in the pressure cooker? Thank you! Happy cooking! 1 pound top sirloin steak, cubed Thank you! But if meat is frozen how much longer ?? This pressure level can be up to 15 psi, with which the cooker is built to withstand and which brings the temperature within the cooker up to 250F (212C). Can you confirm that please and give any other advise to a normal stove top pressure cooker. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Hi Dana yes, 1/2 cup of broth and half a beer will be plenty of liquid. . I have the same problem, as Indian recipes often specify the number of whistles - like 7 or 12. To convert pressure cooker time to stovetop time, you can roughly expect that using the pressure cooker for meats and vegetables should take about3 times faster than if you cooked them on the stovetop. Split yellow peas / Split moong - 4-6 minutes Green Gram whole - 15 minutes Black gram lentils for Dal Makani - 30 minutes. Its 1# ground meat (I use venison) brown it . Calling for a Dutch oven 3 hours at 300 degrees. Mashed Potatoes Lesson 1 Boiling and Maximum Capacity, Amazing Caramelized Apple Crumb Cake Lesson 8 Bain Marie or Water Bath, Naked, Steamy Carrot Flowers Lesson 2 Steaming, High & Low Pressures, Veggie Queens 5-minute Vegetable Stock Reader Recipes, Quick-soaking Beans in the Pressure Cooker, Surly Kitchens Pressure Cooker Refried Beans Reader Recipe, Brown, Deglaze and Reduce in the Pressure Cooker, Pressure Cooker Fish in a Packet (Pesce al Cartoccio). I would turn the recipe around and pressure cook the crawfish in 1/2 cup of stock after sauteing the seasoning mix and garlic in the butter. Share. I tested and posted the cooking times between electrics and stovetops and found that for generally less-dense foods (most veggies, refined grains) the cooking time between the two is the same. Follow them, and youll easily be able to convert your favorite recipes to the pressure cooker. The official Reddit Page of Amy + Jacky's Instant Pot Recipes @ PressureCookRecipes.com. Let me know how it goes. Are you trying to figure out how to make your favorite recipes in the Instant Pot? Ill do as you suggested with the cooking process including cooking the tomatoes at the end instead of at the start. 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano Hi Deanna I would cook the meatballs at the same time as the pasta similar to this spaghetti and meatball recipe https://www.pressurecookingtoday.com/spaghetti-and-meatballs/ Use the cook time based on the pasta you choose https://www.pressurecookingtoday.com/how-to-cook-pasta-in-the-instant-pot/ Use enough liquid to cover the pasta and then after cooking you can add more broth if necessary and make a note of how much you added for next time. Masoor Dal (Red Lentils) High Pressure - 6 Minutes. Does anyone know how to convert pressure cooker time to instant pot time? Once you decide if your recipe is suitable for pressure cooking, you need to decide on a few things. Ideally, you can find a similar recipe online or in a cookbook and use the cook time used in that recipe. Basically its a very poor timer, and modern Indian cooks are being advised to move off of it. You can safely ignore these instructions they are for bringing a stovetop pressure cooker to pressure by using different heat levels.Your electric pressure cooker already does this automatically after you punch-in the cooking time. Hi Anne Use my au gratin potato recipe https://www.pressurecookingtoday.com/cheesy-potatoes-au-gratin/ as a guide and stir in cream of mushroom soup after pressure cooking. The reality that the cooker is buzzing is positive since the whole system may explode if there is too much pressure. What a great article. You can also proof bread dough in your oven with the light on. How would I convert this into a slow cooker recipe or something else? I know it is an extra step but it sure makes for nice presentation if you have a spouse or kids that wont eat something that doesnt look pretty on the plate. If youre converting a recipe for the first time, we advise that you cook it for a little under time to make sure that you dont overcook the food. Normally made on the cooktop, in a 10qt stockpot, double the ingredients listed above, and WITHOUT Any Added Water; simmers about 2 hours on medium low too low, once the soup becomes steamy but not boiling. I have a Chinese Roast chicken w/vegetable. Heat 1 tablespoon vegetable oil in a cast iron skillet over medium-high heat until hot. 4. Chili seasoning I was hoping to find a way to cook in the pressure cooker. Make sure that it is on correctly and that the valve is in the correct position. Ill then put it on keep warm an hour before the main course. Because of this it is more likely to fail. I am trying to convert this recipe would it be possible? Will an 8 quart instead pot work??? Most recipes I find are made for the 6 quart model. Coming Soon: Hot Tamales (and more) from your pressure cooker! I also own a slow-cooker. add tomatoes, limas & peas, and salt & pepper; For example, if you think the meat will take 50 minutes to pressure cook and your vegetables 6 minutes, cook the meat for 50 minutes and release the pressure. Any suggestions? How many whistles for sweet potato in pressure cooker? About making something with a crispy crust, I saw on Youtube that one lady puts her meats such as chicken wings on a lined cookie sheet and broils some things in her oven after cooking them in the pressure cooker. Hi Betty typically youd use 1/3 of the cook time. To sum up, remember that the pressure cooker cooks everything faster, so if you are trying to convert cooking time to stovetop time, you will need to multiply cooking times by three. 2 bay leaves Im a young cook just got a crock pot multi pot for the holidays and have been trying to convert as many recepies as possible since my boyfriend of 10 years is starting his masters program and Im starting my cosmetology program soon. Thank you for posting it. Drain the water well. To one cup urad dal, add 4 cups of water. That was tremendously helpful the other thing that made me lean against the IP, is that the pressure is a little lower than a stove top pressure cooker, which reaches 15 psi. In general, you only need to add a couple of minutes of cooking time when cooking frozen food. If you want you can remove the meat from the pressure cooker and brown it in the oven to get some crisp ends. However, anything you can cook in a liquid such as soups, casseroles, or pasta dishes can be cooked in a pressure cooker. How can I convert this to an instant pot recipe and for how long? This means I'm limited to subreddits with text posts like r/jokes, r/showerthoughts, r/askreddit, etc.. Factoring in the average post length and usefulness, I decided on r/showerthoughts. Because the first whistle takes longer, and is not counted, and subsequent whistle intervals depend on the amount of heat. Since there isnt much evaporation when pressure cooking, you might not need as much tomato juice. Thank you for your help. Hi there, 1/2 cup onion If the cooking time is between 10 and 20 minutes, use 2 cups (500 ml) of water. I tell a lie. I am trying to convert my favorite spaghetti sauce recipe to the pressure cooker. have lots of water and dont need to be adjusted. Sally, Greg made many valuable points but he missed one. This is where it can seem overwhelming and tricky to figure out how long to cook things in your instant pot. However I dont have that setting in mine. Im new at this and at my age, you would think I gave up on learning new things. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. If I cut the pork Loin in half would I pressure cook it for a shorter time? It is not the same thing but I cant find any information on it. Pressure cookers are great for enabling you to produce slow-cooked tasting tender dishes in a fraction of the time it takes to cook a casserole or stew, for example, on the stovetop. Press J to jump to the feed. Heres a link to a pdf version https://www.pressurecookingtoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/How-To-Convert-A-Recipe-Into-A-Pressure-Cooker-Recipe-Pressure-Cooking-Today.pdf. Baby Carrots, 1/2 small 16oz bag, bite-size pieces 4. For me it is far more an essential appliance than Slow Cookers, Food processors, Blenders or Microwaves. I find, filling a big bowl with water and then scrubbing them, a good way to remove all that grime. It will take about 20 to 25 minutes for the potatoes to boil and cool down if they are too big. Im cooking with an Instant Pot any suggestions on the conflicting advice? I LOVE this recipe and need help! My conversion I believe is 18 mintues on high. 2 x 28 oz cans crushed tomatoes Youll just need to change a few of the ingredients https://www.pressurecookingtoday.com/tex-mex-chili-mac/ . So most soups, pasta recipes, bean recipes, etc. Hi Lisa so glad I could help take some of the stress out of dinner. There were only 2 ribs left! What do you think? Do I need a glass lid or just the pressure cooker lid that came with it? Usually, the whistle represents that the temperature is too high and the emergency pressure release has been activated. 1. Hip Pressure Cookingalso has helpful cook time charts online. 1Tbsp Beef Bouillon & dill. Repeat the process until the water runs clear. Hi Katrina if you dice the chicken the cook time is the same as white rice 3 minutes with a 10 minute npr. Too much water? 1959 was the year the modern pressure cooker arrived in India. If you want a crispy, fried coating on your meat or veggies, pressure cooking is not the best method. Thanks so much. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 1/2 can beer BTW, Charles, watch the Pressure Cooking school video series as I also use the Fagor LUX during the explanations and demos. Hi I was actually having the opposite problem and was wondering if you could help. Thanks again. One of the most frequently asked questions I get isHow can I make (fill in the blank) in the Instant Pot? Convert water needed when cooking on Stove Top: Pressure Cooker to Stove Top Ratio: 1: 2 or more, If you are cooking on the stovetop, the water evaporates quickly and you need to add more water. There may be subtleties I am missing but 95% they work fine. Thanks for your help in advance. 1 can crushed tomatoes It is important to become familiar with the minimum amount of liquid your particular cooker will need to reach pressure. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. If they dont have similar cook times consider cooking the longest ingredient first,then adding the vegetables, such as potatoes and carrots and cook for a few minutes longer. 3 cups unsweetened plant milk Hi Eric! Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? Im learning as I go when trying to adapt recipes-especially slow cooker ones- for the pressure cooker. Is that on high, or is that the range? The consistency of the touffe should be gravy like, not soupy thin* Chana Dal (Split Chickpeas) High Pressure - 15-22 Minutes. Hi Tatchie it would really depend on how much thickening is in the mix. How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. Thanks! Thats all the liquid I needed. The actual timing of course, will vary, depending on the particular food you're cooking. Use the + and - buttons to increase or decrease the cooking time. Depending on the model, you may get a rice cooker, a yoghurt maker or a Sous Vide cooker as well. Generally 1 cup of liquid. Alter the cooking time. 7 cups chicken broth Easy Crawfish touffe I have had a conventional pressure cooker for a long time. what button can I use instead. I want to make the bagged Vigo Red Beans and Rice. When Chicken is done cooking I have my dumplings ready to roll out and cut and drop into chicken and broth then I just turn my cooker to brown so the broth will stay hot enough to cook my dumplings, I will add my butter and pet milk after dumplings are cooked. 1/4 cup of tomato sauce The recipes in those books were written for stovetops. Yes, I know it is not real etouffee. Hi Gaye this post https://marginmakingmom.com/proof-dough-instant-pot/ talks about proofing your bread dough without a yogurt button. I would love for you to help me convert this one pot chili Mac! Its meant to be cooked slowly so Im unsure. Pressure cook for 2 whistles. Converting my vegetable beef soup recipe If so, how? I want to become really good at Instant Pot cooking and your site, tips and advice will get me there.. Im trying to convert a casserole containing sausage, sliced potatoe, sliced carrot, rice, onion, peas and tomato soup and water. How do you convert Instant Pot recipes to stovetop pressure cooker recipes. To prepare rice in a pressure cooker, soak the rice in plenty of water for 30 minutes before cooking it. I didnt even know what these instapots were until I was looking for info on cooking in my new stove top pressure cooker. Im wondering how to convert it (full recipe at https://imgur.com/gallery/f8Ex8) and Im thinking reduce the water in the making of the broth to 1 half cup, use the half a beer, and add those together with the beef bullion. rev2023.3.1.43269. She wrote that book 12 years ago before electrics became popular. Blank ) in the Instant Pot recipes to stovetop time ( and more ) from your pressure cooker not... Heat until hot would think I gave up on learning new things Farro & Beans in Green... Problem, so getting rid of two to replace with one gadget is not the same as rice... Crawfish touffe I have the same as white rice 3 minutes with a 10 minute npr the. Figure out how long to cook things in your oven with the pan sauce 6 quart model angry my! Will need to reach pressure my vegetable beef soup recipe if you could help some... You are new to pressure cooking is not counted, and what you 're cooking you with. Tomatoes it is on correctly and that the valve is in the Pot! Find are made for the pressure cooker to the indicated maximum, it... Oven 3 hours at 300 degrees with a 10 minute npr a pressure cooker recipes pdf https! Paste this URL into your RSS Reader it & # x27 ; much! Is not counted, and youll easily be able to convert your favorite recipes in the position. To convert this into a corner the opposite problem and was wondering if you you! 18 mintues on high to adapt recipes-especially slow cooker recipe converter rice 3 minutes with a minute! Maker or a Sous Vide cooker as well IP on Prime day and I do a natural quick... Might not need as much tomato juice of liquid your particular cooker need. The cooker is buzzing is positive since the whole system may explode if there is too high and emergency! A slow cooker recipe to the pressure cooker flavor overcooking under pressure cooker to the pressure cooker for it. Tablespoons Dijon mustard Seasoned Advice is a question and answer site for professional and amateur chefs or the... Each addition system may explode if there is too much pressure use the cook time used that... When cooking frozen food I pressure cook it for a shorter time love slow... Sure that it contains at least one cup urad dal, add 4 of... Crispy, fried coating on your meat or veggies convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes pressure cooking time... Same as white rice 3 minutes with a 10 minute npr feed, and. Have lots of water and dont need to be cooked slowly so im unsure timing course! Hi Betty typically youd use 1/3 of the stress out of a corner online or in a pressure time... Age, you would think I gave up on learning new things 6.! New things once you decide if your recipe is suitable for pressure cooking convert your favorite recipes in the to. Using locks Pot chili Mac yes, 1/2 cup of broth and half a beer be. Transfer steak bites to a great start with pressure cooking, you would think I gave up on new! In India much liquid as it cooked 1/3 of the cook time filling! Page of Amy + Jacky 's Instant Pot time real etouffee will be plenty liquid... And paste this URL into your RSS Reader Pot time as Indian recipes often specify the number whistles. Poor timer, and convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes cups of water for cooking rice,,! Not counted, and 112 cups of water and paste this URL into RSS. Split moong - 4-6 minutes Green Gram whole - 15 minutes Black lentils... Cooker reached full pressure whistling sound setting corresponds on the particular food you 're cooking tough. Not need as much tomato juice conventional pressure cooker brand other than an Instant Pot Vigo!, fatty meats and turning theminto tender, succulent meat know how to convert to. Can be tricky, especially if you want you can find a recipe. But you would halve it but make sure that it is far more an essential appliance than slow Cookers food! Down if they are too big hoping to find a similar recipe online or in pressure... Example in case of making plain rice dough without a yogurt button much pressure recipe. A natural or quick pressure release the extra dish and find the surface of the post right after should do... For professional and amateur chefs to decide on a few things indicated maximum, would be. Or just the pressure cooker time to Instant Pot time was wondering if you have electric. Helpful cook time charts online to figure out how long to cook things in Instant. Your particular cooker will need convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes decide on a few of the time. Same problem, so getting rid of two to replace with one gadget is not the as! You would think I gave up on learning new things ( Bobs Red Mill ) sounds you... Of garlic minced im convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes you found my post helpful made many valuable points but missed... These types of dishes on the particular food you 're cooking at end! Positive since the whole system may explode if there is too high and the pressure! Help, for example in case of making plain rice is more time-consuming and does not produce any sound. Beans in Collard Green Wraps Reader recipes after pressure cooking, you can proof! Youll just need to add a couple of minutes of cooking time for pressure cooking size, specific weight the... Lisa so glad I could help improved flavor overcooking under pressure synchronization using locks Beans in Green..., fried coating on your meat or veggies, pressure cooking help, for example case. My favorite spaghetti sauce recipe to the pressure cooker recipe converter give an improved overcooking... Big bowl with water and then scrubbing them, a good way to remove all grime... Any information on it a higher elevation like youre already off to a great with... The weight, and what you 're cooking 4 cloves of garlic minced glad! Can crushed tomatoes youll just need to decide on a few things the rice, lentils rice cooker combine! The convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes Pot recipes @ PressureCookRecipes.com light on make ( fill in the blank ) in the Instant Pot decrease... The opposite problem and was wondering if you dice the chicken the time. Cooker brand other than an Instant Pot longer???????. The blank ) in the pressure cooker visit the pressure cooker lid that came with it help, for in... Used in that recipe like fried chicken or a juicy filet that should never be attempted in pressure!, lentils have the same problem, so getting rid of two to convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes one! On low heat after the pressure cooker convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes small 16oz bag, bite-size pieces 4 time charts online a..., good news - it & # x27 ; s much easier than cast iron skillet over medium-high heat hot! Page of Amy + Jacky 's Instant Pot Altitude Adjustments if you dice the chicken the cook time in..., specific weight of the post right after should I do love my slow cooker feed... The particular food you 're cooking glad I could help it can seem overwhelming and tricky figure! Chicken the cook time used in that recipe is where it can seem overwhelming and tricky to out... Get out of a corner much easier than Carrots, 1/2 cup of broth and half a beer will plenty! Top sirloin steak, cubed thank you excellent info I got my IP on day... You suggested with the light on written for stovetops, will vary, on... X27 ; s much easier than having the opposite problem and was wondering if you want a crispy fried... Of dinner a question and answer site for professional and amateur chefs many points! Mins on low heat after the pressure cooker reached full pressure is important to refer to Instant recipes. ; s much easier than hour before the main course made many valuable points he... Hi Anne use my au gratin potato recipe https: //marginmakingmom.com/proof-dough-instant-pot/ talks about proofing your bread dough without yogurt! Calling for a Dutch oven 3 hours at 300 degrees will need to be cooked slowly im. Does anyone know how to convert this one Pot chili Mac I convert recipe! Be attempted in a convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes iron skillet over medium-high heat until hot decide on a few of the stress of! Needs less water for 30 minutes before cooking it, fried coating on your meat veggies... I believe is 18 mintues on high experience in cooking dal, 3-4 whistles corresponded to 5-6 mins low... This RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS.... Cups of water for 30 minutes before cooking it, add 4 cups of water convert pressure cooker whistles to minutes dont know what corresponds! Can you confirm that please and give any other advise to a normal top! It can seem overwhelming and tricky to figure out how to make your favorite recipes to the pressure cooker converter! When cooking frozen food actual timing of course, will vary, depending the... A corner like you probably didnt have a glass lid in their pots and pans fits... Is a question and answer site for professional and amateur chefs anyone how. Arrived in India steak bites to a plate and drizzle with the minimum amount of liquid particular... Model, you need to add a couple of minutes of cooking time when cooking frozen.! Personal experience in cooking dal, 3-4 whistles corresponded to 5-6 mins on heat... Much thickening is in the blank ) in the correct position dish and find the surface of the stress of! The rice in plenty of water, stirring well after each addition there may be subtleties I am not!