alarm fatigue and nursing theoryalarm fatigue and nursing theory

2020. Poor electrocardiogram electrode practices result in frequent false signals. Nurses in the control group (n = 46) received regular training. var D=new Date(),d=document,b='body',ce='createElement',ac='appendChild',st='style',ds='display',n='none',gi='getElementById',lp=d.location.protocol,wp=lp.indexOf('http')==0?lp:'https:'; 2022 May 13;8:23779608221098713. doi: 10.1177/23779608221098713. Included studies reported that nurses On the one hand, this caused irritation and ignorance among other nurses, but on the other hand, some of them showed a sense of professional co-responsibility and reacted to the alarm signals of someone elses patient [, In the quality studies, nurses present a sense of responsibility for the correct and individualized setting of alarms [. future research directions and describes possible research applications. It turned out to be problematic to match the appropriate tool to assess the quality of the studies included in the review due to their diversity. Finally, it is worth focusing on ongoing training for nurses to increase the level of knowledge about alarm management in ICU conditions. WebAlarm Parameter Current Limit New Limit 2ndnd Tier Alarm Delay 3 minutes 15 minutes Yellow Alarm Volume 6 4 Red Alarm Volume Yellow + 2 (8) Yellow + 2 (6) Changing an Alarm Profile Patient Total Alarms Yellow Total Red Red Arrhythmia Alarms Red Non-Arrhythmia Pre-Measure 17.1/ 5747 hr Every 3.5 min. You can read the full text of this article if you: Keywords The dynamic development of technology makes their number grow drastically, and this will undoubtedly increase in the future as well. Careers. ; Schuster, C.; Glover, K.R. FOIA 81% of nurses believe that nuisance alarms reduce trust in alarm systems, inappropriately causing them to turn them off. checking individual alarm signals for accurate settings, proper operation, and detectability. WebAlarm fatigue occurs when clinicians become desensitized by countless alarms, many of which are false or clinically irrelevant. Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. var D=new Date(),d=document,b='body',ce='createElement',ac='appendChild',st='style',ds='display',n='none',gi='getElementById',lp=d.location.protocol,wp=lp.indexOf('http')==0?lp:'https:'; Sentinel event alert: medical device alarm safety in hospitals. Findings that describe the importance of clinical alarms were assessed using a five-point Likert scale with nine positions, in order establish the hierarchy of importance of barriers regarding the correct recognition of and reaction to alarms. WebAlarm fatigue is a major contributor to nurse burnout, which occurs when nurses become overworked, stressed, and emotionally exhausted. But not all alarms are false, and assuming theyre false can lead to dangerous delays in response. WebAbstract. Noise is a significant issue in hospitals, and the use of pagers or cell phones is an effective and quick method to notify nurses of alarms without increasing noise. Two quality and five quantity studies were included in the research. Along with the Sentinel Event Alert, one of The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety goals for 2014 is alarm safety (see Evidence-based practice recommendations). ; data curation, K.L., M.W. All studies taken into account were assessed in terms of strength of evidence according to the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence [. eCollection 2022 Jan-Dec. Sowan AK, Staggers N, Reed CC, Austin T, Chen Q, Xu S, Lopez E. Biomed Instrum Technol. 2018 Jan;46(1):130-137. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002803. The Joint Commission has identified alarm management as a national patient safety goal and requires hospitals to take action to reduce unnecessary alarms as a condition of accreditation. Background: In conditions of intensive therapy, where the patients treated are in a critical condition, alarms are omnipresent. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are caretakers of critically ill patients, the effect of alarm management affect patient safety directly. At each stage of education relating to the ICU, training programs should be supplemented with content around the development of new technologies, thus adapting to the global needs of ICU branches and the existing market needs. Care Nurs. Mitka M. Joint Commission warns of alarm fatigue: multitude of alarms from monitoring devices problematic. State of Science in Alarm System Safety: Implications for Researchers, Vendors, and Clinical Leaders. modify the keyword list to augment your search. McKinney M. Hospital's simple interventions help reduce alarm fatigue. Intensive care nurses think that alarms are burdensome and too frequent, interfering with caring for patients and causing reduced trust in alarm systems. Careers. Wireless technologies, such as pagers and cell phones, may also decrease alarm fatigue. Crit Care Med. Critical care clinicians' experiences of patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intensive care nurses think that alarms are burdensome and too frequent, interfering with caring for patients and causing reduced trust in alarm systems. 2022 Mar;135:85-95. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.011. Would you like email updates of new search results? Only global research by scientists around the world will allow guidelines to be developed based on scientific evidence. Alarm fatigue in nursing is a real and serious problem. Sowan, A.K. What's in a name? Alarm fatigue may have serious consequences, both for patients and for nursing personnel. The detailed search process is presented in. Sowan AK, Tarriela AF, Gomez TM, Reed CC, Rapp KM. The development of alarm fatigue is not surprisingin our study, there were nearly 190 audible alarms each day for each patient. Ongoing research is necessary for improving alarm management systems and considerations must be given to the benefits and risks of patient alarms. 90% of nurses believe that nuisance alarms are common. var s=iw[ce]('script');s.async='async';s.defer='defer';s.charset='utf-8';s.src=wp+"//jsc.mgid.com/t/a/tailieuvan.vn.243064.js?t="+D.getYear()+D.getMonth()+D.getUTCDate()+D.getUTCHours();c[ac](s);})(); Phn tch tm trng v hnh ng ca nhn vt M | Lm vn mu, So snh nhn vt Trng v A Ph | Lm vn mu, Bi th Ty Tin c phng pht nhng nt bun | Lm vn mu, Ni kht khao sng kht khao hnh phc gia nh | Vn mu, Mi ngn bt l mt dng cm nhn c sc ca tng tc gi | Vn mu, Gi tr hin thc v nhn o trong tc phm V Nht | Vn mu, Cm nhn v bi kch b tha ha ca Trng Ba | Lm vn mu, Cm nhn v p khut lp ca nhn vt ngi n b hng chi | Vn mu, M nghe ting so vng li thit tha bi hi | Lm vn mu, Cm hng lng mn v bi trng trong bi th Ty Tin | Lm vn mu, Bn v nhn vt Trng trong truyn ngn V nht | Lm vn mu, So snh nhn vt M vi ngi n b hng chi | Vn mu, So snh nhn vt M vi nhn vt ngi v nht | Vn mu, So snh ngh thut xy dng hai nhn vt M v A Ph | Vn mu, So snh hnh nh on qun Ty Tin v Vit Bc | Vn mu, Phn tch nhn vt Phng nh trong Nhng ngi sao xa xi | Vn mu, Phn tch nhn vt anh thanh nin trong Lng l Sapa, Phn tch nhn vt ng Hai trong tc phm Lng, Phn tch nhn vt lo Hc trong truyn ngn cng tn ca Nam Cao, Phn tch nhn vt ch Du trong on trch Tc nc v b, Qu khch khng cho tr em tin bnh ko | Lm vn mu, So snh v p nhn vt ngi anh hng Tn vi v p ca A Ph | Vn mu, Cm nhn v p ca nhn vt ngi v nht v ngi n b hng chi | Vn mu, V p con sng qua Ai t tn cho dng sng v Ngi li sng | Vn mu, Phn tch nhn vt ngi li v Hun Cao | Lm vn mu, So snh truyn ngn Ch Pho v V nht | Lm vn mu, http://tailieuvan.vn/essays-on-being-yourself. The same study was repeated in 2011 and in 2016. In order to eliminate alarm fatigue in nursing and change staff behavior, researchers in any institution must document and define the problem. For example, some alarms occur when patients change positions. Lewandowska K, Weisbrot M, Cieloszyk A, et al. The results of the quality studies confirm that nurses are aware of that duty and feel responsible for the proper adjustment of alarms. Effect of bundle set interventions on physiologic alarms and alarm fatigue in an intensive care unit: A quality improvement project. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228409, Lewandowska K, Weisbrot M, Cieloszyk A, Mdrzycka-Dbrowska W, Krupa S, Ozga D. Impact of Alarm Fatigue on the Work of Nurses in an Intensive Care EnvironmentA Systematic Review. Online ahead of print. Descriptive data were presented in the form of a table showing: the author and the year of publication, the country of study, the ward of study, the study group, the type of research, the method of assessing alarm fatigue, and the conclusion (, Quantity data were analyzed based on the HTF (Healthcare Technology Foundation) study questionnaire. Please try after some time. 8600 Rockville Pike However, the tool was not completely reliable [. Objective To decrease the risk of alarm fatigue by using an initiative designed to reduce nonactionable and false alarms in a burn intensive care unit. Nursing staff believe that remote monitoring via mobile phones and tablets can increase patient safety, reduce hospital admission time in the ICU, and increase job satisfaction. In this literature review, the focus was on publications that present the opinions and feelings of nurses regarding clinical alarms. It is the result of changes in human cognition and attention in order to adapt to the surrounding The keywords used in the search included: intensive care unit, nurse, alarm fatigue, workload, and clinical alarm. The review also covered studies carried out among nurses employed at an adult intensive care unit. There is no clear system for managing the alarms of monitoring devices. a sensory overload that occurs when clinicians are exposed to an excessive number of alarms, which can result in Your patient's life may depend on your response to his or her alarm. 66.3% of nurses believe that nuisance alarms are disrupting patient care. Search All AHRQ Included studies reported that nurses considered alarms to be burdensome, too frequent, interfering with patient care, andresulted in distrust in the alarm system. alarm fatigue; clinical alarms; critical care nurse; patient monitoring; patient safety. ; Paper, B.M. WebProQuest. That means that alarms are constantly sounding, which causes nurses and other staff to become overwhelmed and desensitized. the Many alarms are false; an estimated that 85% to 95% require no intervention. WebThe purpose of this article is to describe the impact of an evidence-based alarm management strategy on patient safety. ; Rapp, K.M. Policy, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The Joint Commission announces 2014 national patient safety goal. Although 58% of nurses believe alarm management procedures are in place, only 35% of them are aware that they have a responsibility to document personalized alarm settings. This is the largest technology hazard of 2012 resulting in compromised patient outcomes and requires healthcare strategies for safer, quality patient care. MDPI and/or The authors declare no conflict of interest. Kathy initiates the rapid response team and contacts Mrs. M's physician. 02-0139/07/456). Epub 2020 Sep 9. The concept of alarm fatigue will be examined based on the method developed by Walker and Avant (1995) that identifies the attributes, antecedents, and Alarm fatigue may have serious consequences, both for patients and for nursing personnel. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Nurse educators also identified a performance-based strategy to increase research carried out among nurses working at adult intensive therapy units, to assess alarm fatigue among personnel. RNs are the Purpose: The effectiveness of nurse education and training for clinical alarm response and management: a systematic review. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Nishiguchi S, Sugaya N, Saigusa Y, Mayama M, Moromizato T, Inamori M, Tokuda Y, Watari T. Int J Environ Res Public Health. A standardized care process reduces alarms and keeps patients safe. Changes in Default Alarm Settings and Standard In-Service are Insufficient to Improve Alarm Fatigue in an Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Project. The studies came from five different countries, including three from the United States [, In studies carried out by Christensen et al., 59% of questioned nurses reported that the inconvenience of alarms results from incorrectly set alarm thresholds [, According to 93% of nurses, alarm fatigue may cause alarms to be excessively subdued or ignored. RN to MSN Family Nurse Practitioner Online, MSN in Adult Gero. The systematic review of literature was carried out according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Turmell, Jacob W. DNP, RN, ACNS-BC, NP-C, CCRN-CMC; Coke, Lola PhD, ACNS-BC, RN-BC, FAHA, FPCNA; Catinella, Rachel MSN, RN, SG-CNS, CCRN, CNRN; Hosford, Tracy MSN, RN, AG-CNS, PCCN; Majeski, Amy MHA, BSN, RN, NE-BC. 91% of nurses believe that nuisance alarms are disrupting patient care. 2020; 17(22):8409. State of Science in Alarm System Safety: Implications for Researchers, Vendors, and Clinical Leaders. Second, the dynamic development of technology. 88% of nurses believe that nuisance alarms are frequent. Strategy, Plain One of the recommendations was induction and continuous training [, Monitoring the condition of a patient is one of the basic duties of nursing personnel. Nurses, despite feeling obliged to manage alarms, do not want to be solely responsible for responding to alarms. 2020. The authors declare no conflict of interest. One study showed that more than 85 percent of all alarms in a particular unit were false. No patient harm occurred during the 2-year project. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly Davidson B, Ferrer Portillo KM, Wac M, McWilliams C, Bourdeaux C, Craddock I. JMIR Hum Factors. Department of Health & Human Services. Summarizing the analyzed studies, we can say that nurses are exposed to too many false alarms. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228409, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. JMIR Hum Factors. An alarm management program reduced alarms up to 30%. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Untangling infusion confusion: a comparative evaluation of interventions in a simulated intensive care setting. In the same study, as many as 81% of respondents stated that alarm fatigue results from the excessive number of false alarms [, With regard to the main obstacle to alarm management, the results of the studies are not unanimous. Second, nurses are overwhelmed by the introduction of new technologies and a sense of ownership of monitoring systems without the support of medical staff. Factors. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Another issue is doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000743284.73649.7a. ; Gomez, T.M. Poncette, A.S.; Spies, C.; Mosch, L.; Schieler, M.; Weber-Carstens, S.; Krampe, H.; Balzer, F. Clinical requirements of future patient monitoring in the intensive care unit: Qualitative study. Managing alarm fatigue, Articles in PubMed by Tracy P. George, MSN, APRN-BC, Articles in Google Scholar by Tracy P. George, MSN, APRN-BC, Other articles in this journal by Tracy P. George, MSN, APRN-BC, An ACE Up Your Sleeve and an ARB in Your Back Pocket, Just in Case, Community-acquired pneumonia: Hunting the elusive respiratory infection, X marks the spot: Understanding metabolic syndrome, Privacy Policy (Updated December 15, 2022). Therefore, it is necessary to introduce effective strategies of alarm management as soon as possible. var s=iw[ce]('script');s.async='async';s.defer='defer';s.charset='utf-8';s.src=wp+"//jsc.mgid.com/t/a/tailieuvan.vn.264917.js?t="+D.getYear()+D.getMonth()+D.getUTCDate()+D.getUTCHours();c[ac](s);})(); (function(){ George, Tracy P. MSN, APRN-BC; Martin, Vicki MSN. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. More research into alarm fatigue is needed. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Epub 2017 Mar 10. The content of electronic databases was searched through, i.e., PubMed, OVID, EBSCO, ProQuest Nursery, and Cochrane Library. 2022 Feb;60(3):389-398. doi: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.03.08. This would help provide safety both to patients and nursing personnel and verify the effectiveness of strategies that are introduced. Dee SA, Tucciarone J, Plotkin G, Mallilo C. SAGE Open Nurs. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2012.08.050. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Int. The above analysis showed that there are many gaps in this respect. doi: 10.2196/humanfactors.5098. Simpson, K.R. Some error has occurred while processing your request. Health Devices. 2019 May/Jun;38(3):160-173. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000357. One hospital reported an average of one million alarms sounding a week. It's important that we continue to look for new ways to improve patient care and decrease the issue of alarm fatigue. Data is temporarily unavailable. All nurses' alarm fatigue scores were measured with a questionnaire before and after the study period. The purpose of this article is to describe the impact of an evidence-based alarm management strategy on patient safety. Submit the form below, and a representative will contact you to answer any questions. There's new information and research on alarms being published frequently, and you need to know about new guidelines and innovations to be better prepared to manage alarms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022 Jan 1;56(1):19-28. doi: 10.2345/0899-8205-56.1.19. BSN-prepared nurses who are educated on the use of evidence-based practices can help create policies to reduce alarm fatigue and improve overall patient care. However, advances in technology using visual or vibrating alarms may help decrease noise pollution. The term alert fatigue describes how busy workers (in the case of health care, clinicians) become desensitized to safety alerts, and as a result ignore or fail to respond appropriately to such warnings. An official website of the United States government. Surveyed nurses believe that difficulty in identifying the source and priority of an alarm is the most relevant cause disrupting alarm responses, the most irrelevant obstacle is the lack of training related to alarm systems. For the needs of this study and in order to strengthen data, a weighted average was calculated from these results (, Seven publications were qualified for the systematic literature review. Within the policy, decide what the setting parameters are and allow staff to adjust settings based on the needs of individual patients. The .gov means its official. Ruppel, H.; Funk, M.; Tobey Clark, J.; Gieras, I.; David, Y.; Bauld, T.J.; Coss, P.; Holland, M.L. 2022 Apr 13;9(2):e30523. Alarm management is essential for providing safe, quality care for positive patient outcomes. Surveyed nurses believe that too many alarms is the most relevant obstacle disrupting the response to alarms, the most irrelevant is the sound of other non-clinical alarms and pagers. 2016;3 doi: 10.2196/humanfactors.5098. Epub 2020 Sep 9. Unfortunately, factors such as the overburdening number of duties; the insufficient number of nursing personnel; fear related to previous negative experiences, knowledge, and skills; or the lack of general aptitude in technologies very significantly influence the correct setting of alarms or alarm management in general [, The abovementioned literature review does not show the level of alarm fatigue but makes it possible to gain an insight into how alarms are perceived by nursing personnel and how they affect the daily work with patients. However, Kathy assesses the situation and realizes that the pulse alarm has gone off because Mrs. M's pulse has dropped to 42. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Between 2005 and 2008, the Food and Drug Administration reported more than 560 alarm-related deaths in the United States. 1771 8600 Rockville Pike Sowan, A.K. and W.M.-D.;resources, K.L. Us. In addition, nurses need to receive ongoing, updated training on patient alarms. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Research Outcomes of Implementing CEASE: An Innovative, Nurse-Driven, Evidence-Based, Patient-Customized Monitoring Bundle to Decrease Alarm Fatigue in the Intensive Care Unit/Step-down Unit. WebREDUCING ALARM FATIGUE IN CRITICAL CARE 3 have been identified as misuse of alarm parameters, inaudible alarms, and disabled alarms. To help reduce false alarms caused by movement, alarms with short delays can be implemented. Petersen, E.M.; Costanzo, C.L. The nurses agree that it is their responsibility to set alarm thresholds and, for most, checking for alarms at the beginning of their shift has become a habit. When the patient went into cardiac arrest, there was no working alarm to alert nurses of the crisis. administered their own 10-element questionnaire among Australian nurses. Brantley, A., Collins-Brown, S., Kirkland, J., Knapp, M., Pressley, J., Higgins, M., & McMurtry, J. P. (2016). Chaotic monitor alarm management generates a large number of alarms, which result in alarm fatigue. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Association between exposure to nonactionable physiologic monitor alarms and response time in a children's hospital. Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, September/October 2014 - Volume 12 - Issue 5, http://www.aacn.org/dm/practice/actionpakdetail.aspx?itemid=28337&learn=true, http://nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ThePracticeofProfessionalNursing/Improving-Your-Practice/One-Strong-Voice-Clinically-Speaking/Medical-Alarm-Safety-in-Hospitals.html, https://www.ecri.org/Forms/Pages/Alarm_Safety_Resource.aspx, http://www.jointcommission.org/new_joint_commission_alert_addresses_medical_device_alarm_safety_in_hospitals, http://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/6/HAP_NPSG_Chapter_2014.pdf, http://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/SEA_50_alarms_4_5_13_FINAL1.PDF, http://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/JCP0713_Announce_New_NSPG.pdf, http://ppahs.org/2012/11/14/four-technology-recommendations-to-reduce-alarm-fatigue, What's that sound? 2022 Feb 27;19(5):2758. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19052758. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. Do you have gaps in your alarm device knowledge base? infusion pump alarms and indicated a general decrease in sensitivity over an 18-month period. 2016 Jan 11;3(1):e1. After the analysis of results from studies conducted based on the HTF questionnaire, a simple conclusion can be drawn. Current literature on alarm fatigue has three major limitations to be addressed. Alarm Fatigue: Use of an Evidence-Based Alarm Management Strategy. Department of Anaesthesiology Nursing & Intensive Care, Medical University in Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland, Intensive Care Unit, University Clinical Centre in Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland, Independent Team of Physiotherapists, University Clinical Centre in Gdansk, 80211 Gdansk, Poland, Departament of Emergency, Institute of Health Sciences Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35310 Rzeszow, Poland. 98% of nurses believe that nuisance alarms occur often. J Clin Nurs. J. Nurs. ; Malone, D.C.; Szalacha, L. Sensory Overload and Technology in Critical Care. Bookshelf The number of nurses who thought that burdensome alarms are too frequent amounted to 81% in 2006, 76% in 2011, and 87% in 2016 [, On the other hand, in the quality study carried out by Poncette et al., in Germany, nurses thought that the introduction of additional technology, such as tablets or mobile phones, might improve patient safety. 866-489-2810 94.8% of nurses believe that alarm sound effects and visual indicators should differ between priorities of alarms. Team-based intervention to reduce the impact of nonactionable alarms in an adult intensive care unit. Third, many years of experience of the nursing staff allow for the recognition of dangerous situations with the patient, but it does not help to prevent fatigue with alarms. Conclusion: ; investigation, K.L. This hazard has been described as the lack of an adequate reaction to an alarm and poor management of alarms or their settings [, Fatigue can be defined as a lack of energy to act. OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group; Durieux, N.; Pasleau, F.; Howick, J. WebOne of the most common alarm fatigue issues in hospitals is the false alarm, which occurs 80% to 99% of the time on hospital units. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Critical care nurses' perceptions and practices towards clinical alarms. This article follows the requirements of CONSORT statement. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Finally, seven publications were taken into consideration. was a simple seven-element tool created for the needs of the project, outside the HTF questionnaire, in order to assess alarm fatigue. Is my patient ready for a safe transfer to a lower-intensity care setting? Turmell, J.W. This crying wolf, in turn, leads to delayed response and missed alarms. Dynamic training of a novelty classifier algorithm for real-time detection of early seizure onset. You can use the following mnemonic to help prevent alarm fatigue and provide quality patient outcomes: Despite interventions to reduce alarm fatigue, noise is an occupational hazard in most hospitals where noise levels exceed the World Health Organization's recommendations of 35 decibels (dB) during the day and 30 dB during the night. Nurses and the interdisciplinary team can become fatigued and desensitized to alarms, decreasing response rates for necessary interventions. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). For more information, please refer to They feel overburdened with an excessive amount of duties and a continuous wave of alarms. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Please select your preferred way to submit a case. and D.O. 2011. Design. ; validation, K.L., S.K. ; Bauld, T.J.; Ott, J.C.; Coss, P. Attitudes and practices related to clinical alarms. 2023 Jan;28(1):101-108. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12751. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. ICU nurse; alarm fatigue; alarm management; nonactionable alarm; nursing education; theory of planned behaviour. An experienced research team made an attempt to systematize the data. Alarm fatigue, which canlead todesensitization and threatenpatient safety, is particularly concerning inintensive caresettings. training nurses on the safe use and response to alarms on high-risk units, identifying the default alarm settings and limits for alarms throughout the facility, providing nurses with guidelines for tailoring alarms to reduce unnecessary noise, clinically appropriate settings for alarm signals, who in the organization has the authority to set alarm parameters, who in the organization has the authority to change alarm parameters, who in the organization has the authority to set alarm parameters to off, monitoring and responding to alarm signals.

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