nonspecific white matter changes in brain mrinonspecific white matter changes in brain mri

Journal of Neuropsychology, Feb. 24, 2014. Knowing the cause may also enable doctors to eventually be able to treat and possibly even prevent vascular dementia. The term leukoaraiosis means white matter rarefaction and comes from the Greek (leuko = white and araios = rarefaction). 15. In Conversation: Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? By continuing to use our site, you agree to the Termsof Use and acknowledge that youve read our PrivacyPolicy. Pantoni L & Garcia J. Pathogenesis of Leukoaraiosis: A Review. This type of brain tissue helps you think fast, walk straight, and keeps you from falling. Black S, et al. This is especially useful in the setting of dementia. There are ways to prevent or even reverse this condition, but you need to start now. All rights reserved. However, more research is needed. In infants, it causes extreme irritability, increased muscle tone, fever, and developmental regression. HOPES Stanford University: "White Matter and HD. Brain white matter lesions are common in patients with comorbid vascular disease or migraine, as well as healthy adult subjects, and as non-specific small, rounded deep white matter lesions sparing the periventricular zone and U-fibres can also contribute to some of the lesion burden present on imaging. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. According to a review of six large prospective studies, people with white matter damage have a higher risk of stoke than those without the condition. If you smoke, stop now. The second MRI request mentioned suspicion of MS and although identical to the first one, the Radiologist report said it was consistent with MS. 054 How to Make Difficult Decisions Easier: 053 Interview: Addressing Loneliness in Aging, 052 Maintaining Mobility & Preventing Falls in Aging: Myths & Truths, 051 Interview: Innovations to Help Older Adults & Family Caregivers, 050 Flu Shots for Older Adults: What to Know. An official website of the United States government. There are several etiopathogenic types of cerebral small vessel diseases 15: arteriolosclerosis (age-related and vascular risk factor-related small vessel disease): see Binswanger disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy(sporadic or hereditary), inherited/genetic small vessel diseases other than cerebral amyloid angiopathy, such as, retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy, inflammatory and immunologically mediated small vessel diseases (CNS vasculitis), non-amyloid microvessel degeneration in Alzheimer disease. The nerve fibers are composed of axons, which transmit electrical signals that help neurons communicate with one another. On the other hand, 'nonspecific white matter' changes are usually small blood vessel changes in the brain induced by high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and related chronic medical problems that lead to plaque formation and blood vessel disease throughout the body. Age Ageing. Very often the lesions themselves don't cause any noticeable problems. The most common forms of white matter disease relate to aging. For example, there are a few types of MS, and each differs in how it progresses. Doctors point to the same blood vessel problems that lead to heart trouble or strokes: It may be worse for women. The common factors are impairment of normal myelination or damage to already myelinated nerves. Helenius J, Soinne L, Salonen O, Kaste M, Tatlisumak T. Leukoaraiosis, Ischemic Stroke, and Normal White Matter on Diffusion-Weighted MRI. problems . Additionally, the radiation oncologist may observe areas of edema or white matter changes around the tumor. Check for errors and try again. Schmahmann, J.D. Neurologist's comment to nurse is "please let patient know MRI is OK for age.". White matter is found throughout the central nervous system, but much of it lies in the interior of the brain, between the cerebral cortex and deep gray matter structures such as the thalamus and basal ganglia. For many people with white matter disease due to small strokes, treatment options can include improving their cardiovascular health by eating a healthful diet, avoiding tobacco use, and taking medications for hypertension or high cholesterol. This means that the person does not usually know that they have had a stroke. 2012 Apr;54(4):540-6. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182407de3. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2013 Aug;33(11):906-13. doi: 10.1177/0333102413480955. Degeneration of the white matter specifically, the myelin sheaths can affect a persons mood, focus, muscle strength, vision, and balance. This is particularly true in cases where there are non-specific white matter changes due to cerebrovascular risk factors and/or spinal cord compression from degenerative disc disease. The signals that help you do these things cant get through. Cerebral small vessel disease, also known as subcortical small vessel disease, chronic small vessel disease,or cerebral microangiopathy,is an umbrella term for lesions in the subcortical brain attributed to pathologic changes in the small vessels. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 01 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-16200, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":16200,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/questions/1411?lang=us"}. Kleinert G, Payer F, Radner H, Lechner H. Pathologic correlates of incidental MRI white matter signal hyperintensities. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Misuse of the Term Nonspecific. White matter disease includes many different conditions. The research into white matter disease is ongoing. Your overall physical and mental health can be improved when youre able to walk and get around better with little or no assistance. You control your own destiny!! Learn about the benefits of GABA supplements and its medical significance. Keep your blood pressure and blood sugar in check. Xiong, Y.Y. As time passes, however, the symptoms may get worse. 2015;11(3):157-65. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy|Advertising Policy|Privacy Preferences Center|Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Neurological exam is fine, EMG is fine, Spinal MRIs fine, brain MRI report "no acute intracranial process" and "nonspecific white matter changes." National Library of Medicine These silent strokes are believed to damage white matter, and therefore cause white matter disease. The rate of incidental non-specific white matter changes detected in our study group was 23/527 (4.4%). Dr. Filley is professor of neurology and psychiatry, director of the behavioral neurology section, and senior scientific adviser at the Marcus Institute for Brain Health at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora. The test may also show changes in the cortex or near the cortex. 1996;25(6):443-8. 11. Biol Psychiatry. Tips to Help You Think Clearly, Things That Raise Your Chances of Dementia, How Working the Body Can Help the Aging Mind, Dementia and Alzheimers Disease: The Changes Ahead for You and Your Family, Trouble learning or remembering new things. Spectrum of intracranial incidental findings on pediatric brain magnetic resonance imaging: What clinician should know. Your body stops working like it should, much like a kink in a garden hose makes the water that comes out go awry. Processes that cause these types of damage include genetic conditions, autoimmune conditions, and infections. Research suggests that the risk of white matter disease increases with age and the presence of cardiovascular disease. Grueter B & Schulz U. Age-Related Cerebral White Matter Disease (Leukoaraiosis): A Review. Learn how this disease affects the nervous system. Histology from these lesions shows atrophy of axons and decreased myelin, although MRI overestimates the degree of demyelination with many regions of FLAIR abnormality being due to increased fluid rather than demyelination 17. This content is not available in your current region. Internal vibrations may be caused by a neurological condition. Some are essential to make our site work properly, others perform functions more fully described in our PrivacyPolicy. People with the juvenile form of metachromatic leukodystrophy, which develops between the age of 4 and adolescence, may live for many years after diagnosis. 1):2-5. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. Although some WMH is associated with specific causes, such as lacunar infarction, traumatic brain injury, and demyelinating disease [1-3], some WMH has no specific cause, especially in young patients.Incidental WMH without a detected cause can be extremely distressing for these . It might be a cause of vascular dementia [Press release]. At present, there is no universal staging system for the various forms of white matter disease. White matter is the deepest part of the brain that contains millions of nerve fibres connecting other parts of the brain and spinal cord. Stroke. 17. Non-specific is used for a symptom, sign, test result, radiological finding, etc., that does not point towards a specific diagnosis or etiology. This condition occurs between 12 and 18 months of age and causes deterioration in thinking skills, speech, and coordination. Specific forms of white matter disease, such as MS or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, may require other treatments. However, those with more advanced white matter damage may experience: difficulty thinking. Use of this website and any information contained herein is governed by the Healthgrades User Agreement. Chronic small vessel disease is more common with increasing age. DOI: University Health Network. 2002;33(1):45-50. from publication: Pseudobulbar Affect Mimicking Depression: A Case Report . Copyright 2023 Healthgrades Marketplace, LLC, Patent US Nos. However, it looks promising that white matter disease may be caused by mini, silent strokes. 1993; 43:1683-1689. Chutinet, A., & Rost, N. S. (2014). http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Diagnosing-Tools/MRI. White matter plays an essential role in communication within the brain and between the brain and spinal cord. Among the 23 patients, 12 (52.2%) were male and 11 (47.8%) were female. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease can develop at any age. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Age-related cerebral white matter disease (leukoaraiosis): A review. White matter dementia. walking slow. A silent stroke is so small that it occurs without any symptoms. Additionally, careful assessment of the so-called MRI red flags, such as the presence of infarcts, microbleeds, meningeal enhancement, and calcifications, among others, are very helpful in suggesting a diagnosis other than MS, according to research published in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology.3. The Fazekas scalehas been proposed to quantify white matter lesions related to leukoaraiosis. One way to avoid getting lesions is to keep your brain as healthy as possible by preventing or controlling high blood pressure, diabetes, and other vascular risk factors. unable to do more than one thing at a time, like talking while walking. Check for errors and try again. With the wide use of brain MRI, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is frequently observed in clinical patients. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in any form without prior authorization. ", American Heart Association: "How to Prevent Heart Disease at Any Age.". White matter lesions can be seen in a range of neurologic disorders, most often with vascular diseases such as stroke, migraine, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Whether these radiological lesions correspond to irreversible histological changes is still a matter of debate. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Researchers say a drug used to treat epilepsy seizures shows promise in reducing autism-like behavior in mice. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 12. Would you like email updates of new search results? The arterial bed has been a primary focus of the literature, with arterial small vessel disease being a proposed term for this entity, but venous collagenosis is also responsible for some of the changes 15. Radiographic features This difference is emphasized in the Fazekas scale in which the two are separated. Myelin is a layer of insulation that protects nerves in the brain and spinal cord, and myelination is the formation of this insulation layer. Li Y, Thompson WK, Reuter C, Nillo R, Jernigan T, Dale A, Sugrue LP; ABCD Consortium; Brown J, Dougherty RF, Rauschecker A, Rudie J, Barch DM, Calhoun V, Hagler D, Hatton S, Tanabe J, Marshall A, Sher KJ, Heeringa S, Hermosillo R, Banich MT, Squeglia L, Bjork J, Zucker R, Neale M, Herting M, Sheth C, Huber R, Reeves G, Hettema JM, Howlett KD, Cloak C, Baskin-Sommers A, Rapuano K, Gonzalez R, Karcher N, Laird A, Baker F, James R, Sowell E, Dick A, Hawes S, Sutherland M, Bagot K, Bodurka J, Breslin F, Morris A, Paulus M, Gray K, Hoffman E, Weiss S, Rajapakse N, Glantz M, Nagel B, Ewing SF, Goldstone A, Pfefferbaum A, Prouty D, Rosenberg M, Bookheimer S, Tapert S, Infante M, Jacobus J, Giedd J, Shilling P, Wade N, Uban K, Haist F, Heyser C, Palmer C, Kuperman J, Hewitt J, Cottler L, Isaiah A, Chang L, Edwards S, Ernst T, Heitzeg M, Puttler L, Sripada C, Iacono W, Luciana M, Clark D, Luna B, Schirda C, Foxe J, Freedman E, Mason M, McGlade E, Renshaw P, Yurgelun-Todd D, Albaugh M, Allgaier N, Chaarani B, Potter A, Ivanova M, Lisdahl K, Do E, Maes H, Bogdan R, Anokhin A, Dosenbach N, Glaser P, Heath A, Casey BJ, Gee D, Garavan HP, Dowling G, Brown S. JAMA Neurol. White matter disease doesnt have a cure, but there are treatments that can help manage your symptoms. Many people with white matter disease go to their doctor complaining of balance problems. Images from MRI performed at 15 month (A-C) and at 46 month of age (D-F).The white arrows point to the key findings in each case. This study suggests that repeated silent strokes could lead to white matter disease. and transmitted securely. By signing up, you agree to ourPrivacy PolicyandTerms. (2009). 1995;24(5):411-5. Similar terms focused on the white matter include white matter disease, white matter damage, and leukoencephalopathy (the latter usually used in the context of CADASIL)16. Changes in the white matter of presumed vascular origin were first identified as hypoattenuation of the white matter on computed tomography but now are more often seen as patchy areas of signal hyperintensity in deep and periventricular white matter areas on T2-weighted sequences, particularly fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. A fatty tissue called myelin covers the axons. The mean clinical follow-up period of the patients was 16.8 17.3 months (range 6-80 months). Before Common finding: The scan probably read as "non specific white matter changes" which is can be seen in scans of people with migraine. The pathophysiology of white matter lesions is different depending on the area of involvement, i.e. (2012). Physical therapy can help with any balance and walking difficulties you may develop. After asking you some specific questions about your symptoms, your doctor will likely order an MRI. White matter is tissue that includes nerve fibers (axons), which connect nerve cells. Material and methods: The only reason an MRI was ordered was because the doctors suspected a brain tumour. Youve read {{metering-count}} of {{metering-total}} articles this month. Miller DR, Hayes JP, Lafleche G, Salat DH, Verfaellie M. Hum Brain Mapp 2016 Jan;37 (1):220-9. The symptoms may be mild in the beginning and increase in severity over time. Pathogenesis and especially its clinical significance are still incompletely understood 3,5,17. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, MS Brain Fog? Changes of primary headache related white matter lesions in pediatric patients. With respect to anatomy, small vessels include arterioles, capillaries, and small veins/venules. To keep your heart healthy, follow a low-fat, low-salt diet, and get about 2 and a half hours of moderate-intensity exercise each week. I also saw same neurologist same time last year with similar, but lesser symptoms, and she did spinal MRI at that time, since everyone thought I had a trapped nerve, although I had no back pain. eCollection 2016 Aug 8. In A, axons are tightly aligned, forming a densely packed cellular environment.In B, scar-border forming reactive astrocytes have overlapping processes that sequester damaged tissue and inflammation while preventing injured axons from growing through the border. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Your doctor may prescribe medicines to lower your blood pressure or cholesterol. depression. An interesting aspect of brain atrophy in TLE is that it follows a consistent pattern within specific areas of gray matter tissue but can vary across individuals (Fig. A fatty material called myelin protects the fibers and gives white matter its color. People who have mild forms of microvascular ischemic brain disease may have no symptoms. MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. Close more info about Differentiating Multiple Sclerosis Mimics on MRI. MeSH Fourteen (60.9%) had migraine without aura, 8 (34.8%) had tension-type headache, and 1 (4.3%) had migraine with aura. Inaccurate MRI interpretation is the most common cause of incorrect diagnoses in patients with MS, underscoring the critical importance of the physicians familiarity with MS mimics.2 Taking a thorough medical history focused on questioning the patient about prior neurological episodes that might have been overlooked or dismissed by the patient remains crucial in any assessment for MS, said Nicoline Schiess MD, MPH, an assistant professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University Multiple Sclerosis Center. The differential causes of small vessel disease are enumerated above in the Etiology section. It is the most common cause of vascular dementia/cognitive impairmentand is a major cause of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Symptoms of white matter disease may include: Theres at least one study that seems to show that white matter disease may be caused by strokes so small theyre unnoticeable to those having them. Pediatric headache and neuroimaging: experience of two tertiary centers. Some forms of white matter disease, such as dysmyelinating diseases, can begin during childhood. The potential complications of white matter disease come from the symptoms and other medical conditions it may cause. WMH's are also referred to as Leukoaraiosis and are often found in CT or MRI's of older patients. White matter disease, or leukoaraiosis, involves the degeneration of white matter in the brain. As such, it is prone to local and systemic decrease in cerebral blood flow. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We want you to take advantage of everything Neurology Advisor has to offer. Crossref Medline Google Scholar; 48 Zimmerman RD, Fleming CA, Lee BCP, Saint-Louis LA, Deck MDF. White matter abnormalities are associated with chronic postconcussion symptoms in blast-related mild traumatic brain injury. Vasculitic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and Sjgrens syndrome can also result in white matter abnormalities on MRI. They cause disease by altering the process of normal myelination . The content on Healthgrades does not provide medical advice. There is increasing evidence that white matter lesions may be an early component of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. 042 Why Healthcare is Flawed & How to Improve It: 039 Interview: Creating Age-Friendly Health Systems, 038 FAQs On Incompetence & Losing Decision Capacity, 037 Interview: Using Powers of Attorney to Help Older Adults, 036 Interview: Minimizing Family Conflicts & Supporting Aging Parents, 035 Interview: Aging in the Right Place, 034 Preventing Falls: 10 Types of Medication to Reconsider, 033 Safer Treatments for Insomnia in Aging, 032 5 Top Causes of Sleep Problems in Aging, 031 Choosing the Safest Over-the-Counter Painkiller in Aging, 030 Drugs for Difficult Dementia Behaviors: What to Know, 028 When Older Parents Resist Help: 4 Tips for Better Talks, 027 Interview: Planning for Aging When Single & Childless, 026 4 Medications for Alzheimers & Other Dementias: FAQs & Tips, 025 Interview: Palliative Care to Live Well with Cancer, 024 Interview: Better Cancer Screening While Aging, 023 Anemia in Aging: 10 Common Causes & What to Ask, 022 QA: Helping a Paranoid Older Parent and Checking Safety, 021 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Risks, Diagnosis, & Treatment, 020 How to Diagnose & Treat Mild Cognitive Impairment, 019 Interview: How Foundations Are Improving Health & Aging, 018 High Blood Pressure Treatment in Older Adults: Research Findings & Practical Tips, 017 Interview: Paying for Long-Term Care & Other Family Caregiving Challenges, 016 3 Reasons You Should Have a Home Blood Pressure Monitor, 015 Interview: Practical Advice for Family Caregivers & Next Step In Care, 013 Interview: Solving Hard Problems in Helping Aging Parents, 012 Q&A: Answers to Your Questions On Aging & Health, 011 Vitamin D: The Healthy Aging Dose & FAQs, 010 Interview: Choosing a Wearable Medical Alert System for Older Adults, 009 Q&A: Answers to Your Questions on Helping Older Parents, 008 Interview: Helping Families with Memory Loss: The Care to Plan Online Tool, 007 How a Personal Health Record Helps You Be Proactive, 006 Interview: Surviving Cancer & Better Healthcare Through Being an e-Patient, 005 Interview: Otago & Proven Exercises for Fall Prevention, 004 What to Do If Youre Worried About Falls, 003 Interview: Helping Reluctant Parents Address Memory Concerns, 002 What to Do If Youre Worried About Someones Memory, 001 Introducing the Better Health While Aging Podcast, Leslie Kernisan MD & Better Health While Aging LLC, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, What is the white matter in the brain, and why it often changes or is damaged with aging, The relationship between white matter changes and cerebral small vessel disease, How white matter changes can be thought of as a form of scarring in brain, Why these brain changes can affect memory, thinking, and/or falls, What we know about the prevention and treatment of these changes, How white matter changes relate to vascular dementia, Alzheimers and other causes of dementia, How the UCSF Memory and Aging Center evaluates white matter changes, What to consider for younger people with white matter changes on MRI, Her recommendations on maintaining the brain and its blood vessels, Ongoing research projects at UCSF and elsewhere that listeners may be able to participate in. incomplete arteriosclerosis 8,9. 049 Better Primary Care for Older Adults: 046 Interview: Deprescribing & Reducing Risky Medications in Aging, 045 HIPAA: Key Basics & 5 FAQs for Family Caregivers, 044 Hospice Medications & What to do if Youre Concerned, 043 How Hospice Helps at the End of Life, & Hospice for Alzheimers. BMC Neurol. Register now at no charge to access unlimited clinical news with personalized daily picks for you, full-length features, case studies, conference coverage, and more. 13. There may be a treatment that can help slow or manage your symptoms. They also can occur in genetic diseases, toxic disorders, infections, inflammatory conditions, metabolic disturbances, traumatic brain injury, cancer, neoplasia, and hydrocephalus. Find out which conditions may cause this symptom and how to talk to your doctor. By continuing to use our site, you consent to the use of these cookies. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. The final diagnosis is made after your doctor considers the MRI, your cardiovascular health, and any symptoms you have. UC Davis Health System: "White Matter Matters. So when somethings wrong with it, you might notice: White matter disease is different from Alzheimer's, which affects the brains gray matter. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter in the brain. Sorry, saw that you mentioned all your blood work being normal so scratch that comment. 2020 Apr;50(4):550-559. doi: 10.1007/s00247-019-04584-1. They can reflect normal aging; white matter deteriorates as people age. What Experts Think, Dementia: How Regular Use of Laxatives May Increase the Risk, Poor Oral Health May Lead to a Decline in Brain Health, How Obesity May Be Linked to Alzheimer's Disease, Having 3 Concussions Linked to Declining Brain Function Later in Life, unable to do more than one thing at a time, like talking while walking. This tissue contains millions of nerve fibers, or. 1. It is worth noting that juxtaventricular white matter changes (<3 mm from the ventricular surface), such as ependymitis granularis, are not related to small vessel disease, but rather represent cerebrospinal fluid leak due to disruption of the ependyma10. American Physical Therapy Association, Section on Neurology: "White Matter Disease.". Periventricular hyperintensity as seen by magnetic . They also can occur in genetic diseases, toxic disorders, infections, inflammatory conditions, metabolic disturbances, traumatic brain injury, cancer, neoplasia, and hydrocephalus. The primary treatment is physical therapy. We aimed to describe the prevalence and significance of white matter lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with headache. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following, IV infusions given for MS but test results unclear of diagnosis. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. 2016;36(1):6-25. My most bothersome symptom is fatigue, and scalp tingling. Peripheral neuropathy is a disorder that occurs when your peripheral nerves malfunction because theyre damaged. Learn 21 warning signs of stroke. Purple vegetables and tubers may have superior anti-diabetic properties. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Postgrad Med J. The small vessels involved are too small to visualize by imaging, so imaging focuses on their sequelae. DOI: Filley CM. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. These abnormalities show up as spots that are brighter than their surroundings. Fisch N, Konen O, Halevy A, Cohen R, Shuper A. Pediatr Neurol. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Eidlitz-Markus T, Zeharia A, Haimi-Cohen Y, Konen O. Cephalalgia. Your email address will not be published. These axons connect the neurons of the brain and spinal cord and signal nerve cells to communicate with one another.

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