There was an emphasis on being different and separate rather than on being higher and lower. Castes pervaded by divisive tendencies had small populations confined to small areas separated from each other by considerable gaps. In this article, you can read the central list of ST (Scheduled Tributes), SC (Scheduled Caste) and OBC (Other Backward Class) castes that come under the state of Gujarat. There was considerable elaboration in urban areas of what Ghurye long ago called the community aspect of caste (1932: 179) and frequently, this led to juxtaposition rather than hierarchy between caste divisions of the same order. [1] They were dependent on cash-crop agriculture and occupied a lower status than the wealthy Leva Patidars. , ? As per the Census 2011, the literacy rate of Which you can also download in PDF. The advance made in recent years is limited and much more needs to be done. The surname Patlikh evolved into Patel to denote a village chief or the headman of a village. involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. For example, just as there was a Shrimali division among Sonis (goldsmiths). As regards the specific case of the Rajput-Koli relationship, my impression is that, after the suppression of female infanticide in the first half of the 19th century, the later prohibition of polygyny, and the recent removal of princely states and feudal land tenures among the Rajputs on the one hand, and the increasing sanskritization as well as Rajputization among the Kolis on the other, marriage ties between these divisions have become more extensive than before. literacy rate is 73.36% in Khamar village. Khamar is a village situated in Nandod taluka of Narmada Homo Hierarchicus. I have discussed above caste divisions in Gujarat mainly in the past, roughly in the middle of the 19th century. The small endogamous units, on the other hand, did not practise either. In the plains, therefore, every village had one or more towns in its vicinity. Before publishing your articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Explore the most common surnames in Gujarat. Everyone knows, law doesn't, 'Why Adani group is an example of bad business practices and not a con', 'Not scared of their jails': Sisodia writes in resignation letter, India to experience heat waves this year after hottest February, Repolling ordered in 4 polling stations in Nagaland, SC orders Z+ cover for Mukesh Ambani & family in India, abroad, Why Adani's woes are bad news for another tycoon, Pakistan court grants ex-PM Imran interim bail in Toshakhana case, Terms of Use and Grievance Redressal Policy. Gujaratis are best known for their success in the field of business. The Brahmans were divided into such divisions as Audich, Bhargav, Disawal, Khadayata, Khedawal, Mewada, Modh, Nagar, Shrigaud, Shrimali, Valam, Vayada, and Zarola. while Schedule Tribe (ST) were They had an internal hierarchy similar to that of the Leva Kanbis, with tax-farmers and big landlords at the top and small landowners at the bottom. The Rajputs in Radhvanaj, the village I have studied in central Gujarat, had no great difficulty in establishing their claim to being Rajputs: they owned substantial amounts of land under a traditional Rajput tenure, dominated village politics and possessed certain other traditional Rajput symbols. Leuva and Kadva are the most dominant sub-castes of Patidars, who claim their ancestry to the sons of Lord Ram: Luv and Kush. List of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes declared by Gujarat State / sebc caste list in gujarat 2023 / sebc list of gujarat / sebc category list in gujarat. Thus, while each second-order Koli division maintained its boundaries vis-a-vis other such divisions, each was linked with the Rajputs. The indigenous Kolis in the highland area of Pal in eastern Gujarat were called Palia, but there was another smaller population of KoUs, who were locally called Baria but were actually Talapada immigrants from central Gujarat. If you are looking for the Gujarat Caste List 2023, then you should read this article because in this article you will get information about the caste list under ST, SC and OBC category in Gujarat for the central government, which you can download in PDF. We had seen earlier that in the first-order division, such as that of the Rajputs, there were no second-order divisions, and no attempt was made to form small endogamous units: hypergamy had free play, as it were. It may also appear as:. Moreover, a single division belonging to any one of the orders may have more than one association, and an association may be uni-purpose or multi-purpose. If the Varna divisions are taken into account, then this would add one more order to the four orders of caste divisions considered above. Madhurima takes a keen interest in parenting and lifestyle. No analytical gains are therefore likely to occur by calling them by any other name. (Head of Village) who is elected representative of the village. The pattern of inter-divisional marriages shows how the idea of free marriage, which guides most of the inter-caste marriages, is restricted, modified, and graded according to the traditional structure of caste divisions. The primarily rural and lower castes were the last to form associations and that too mainly after independence (1947). Unfortunately, such figures are not available for the last fifty years or so. Gujarat (along with Bombay) has perhaps the largest number of caste associations and they are also more active and wealthy compared to those in other regions. The tribal groups in the highland area, such as the Bhils and Naikdas, also did not have any urban component. Another major factor in the growth of urban centres in Gujarat was political. The surname thus is an occupational one and refers to someone who comes from a family of masons or artisans. In each of these three divisions the top stratum was clear. Caste divisions of the first-order can be classified broadly into three categories. Gupta Indian, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi, Telugu. Although my knowledge is fragmentary, I thought it was worthwhile to put together the bits and pieces for the region as a whole. In the city, on the other hand, the population was divided into a large number of castes and each of most of them had a large population, frequently subdivided up to the third or the fourth order. These and many other artisans, craftsmen and servants reflected the special life-style of the town. Gupta is a common Gujarati surname that derives its name from Gupt, a Sanskrit word meaning, protected or secret. In contrast, there were horizontal units, the internal hierarchy and hypergamy of which were restricted to some extent by the formation of small endogamous units and which had discernible boundaries at the lowest level. It seems the highland Bhils (and possibly also other tribes) provided brides to lower Rajputs in Gujarat. They then spread to towns in the homeland and among all castes. The change from emphasis on hierarchy to emphasis on division is becoming increasingly significant in view of the growth of urban population both in absolute number and in relation to the total population. All you have to do is post your Others related query to get it answered by experienced Others lawyer. Frequently, each such unit had a patron deity, housed in a large shrine, with elaborate arrangements for its ownership. Besides the myths, the members of a second-order division, belonging to all ekdas, shared certain customs and institutions, including worship of a tutelary deity. . The social relations between and within a large number of such segregated castes should be seen in the context of the overall urban environment, characterized as it was by co-existence of local Hindu castes with immigrant Hindu castes and with the non-Hindu groups such as Jains, Muslims, Parsis and Christians, a higher degree of monetization, a higher degree of contractual and market relations (conversely, a lesser degree of jajmani-type relations), existence of trade guilds, and so on. I describe here three prominent units of the latter type, namely, Anavil, Leva Kanbi, and Khedawal Brahman. To give just one example, one large street in Baroda, of immigrant Kanbis from the Ahmedabad area, named Ahmedabadi Pol, was divided into two small parallel streets. 4 0 obj A first-order division could be further divided into two or more second-order divisions. The primarily urban castes linked one town with another; the primarily rural linked one village with another; and the rural-cum-urban linked towns with villages in addition to linking both among themselves. Approximately 6,809 people bear this surname. Read further sc st obc caste list in gujarat pdf and general caste. The lowest stratum in all the three divisions had to face the problem of scarcity of brides. The surname is a toponymic one, and refers to those who originally belonged to the village of Kotadiya, in Jamnagar district of Gujarat. Are you looking for Gujarat Caste List 2023 then you are reading the right article, on this page you will get to read gujarati caste list OBC caste list in gujarat, ST caste list in gujarat pdf, SEBC caste list in gujarat, SC caste list gujarat, EWS / general caste list in gujarat pdf. Leva Kanbis, numbering 400,000 to 500,000 m 1931, were the traditional agricultural caste of central Gujarat. This tendency reaches its culmination in the world of Dumont. In an area of the first kind there are no immigrant Kolis from elsewhere, and therefore, there is no question of their having second-order divisions. The incidence of exchange marriages and of bachelors in the lowest stratum among the Anavils also was high. caste list in gujarat 2022 | ews caste list in gujarat pdf / general caste list in gujarat / general category caste list in gujarat 2022, st caste surname list, sc caste surname list, obc caste surname list gujarat. She writes baby name articles for MomJunction. Usually, the affairs of the caste were discussed in large congregations of some fifty to hundred or even more villages from time to time. The point is that the Rajput hierarchy, with the princely families at the top, merged at the lower level imperceptibly into the vast sea of tribal and semi-tribal people like Bhils and Kolis. Bhavsars in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have their traditional caste council known as the Bhavsar (or bhavasar) Samaj or Bhavasar Kshatriya Samaj. I have, therefore, considered them a first-order division and not a second-order one among Brahmans (for a fuller discussion of the status of Anavils, see Joshi, 1966; Van der Veen 1972; Shah, 1979). The population of Children aged 0-6 years in Khamar This was unlike the situation among the Rajputs who did not make any attempt to form small endogamous units. Third, although two or more new endogamous units came into existence and marriage between them was forbidden thereafter, a number of pre-existing kinship and affinal relationships continued to be operative between them. Dowry not only continues to be a symbol of status in the new hierarchy but is gradually replacing bride price wherever it existed, and dowry amounts are now reaching astronomical heights. This was because political authorities were hierarchized from little kingdom to empire and the boundaries of political authorities kept changing. of the total population. That Rajputs were one of the divisions, if not the only division of the first-order, not having further divisions, has already been mentioned. Not including India it is found in 36 countries. The surname thus has an occupational origin. 25. Moreover, some leading Anavils did not wish to be bothered about Brahman status, saying that they were just Anavil. For example, Gandhi refers to one who deals in fragrances. For other possible spellings of this surname click here. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You have entered an incorrect email address! 2 0 obj A surname comes from the Sanskrit word vyasa meaning the compiler. The surname would have been associated with those who worked as compilers of ancient texts. If your Lohana surname Is not here, and you are a member, please contact us with evidence that your surname is part of the Lohana Community, and please list any verifiable contacts within our current members list who can positively identify you. (where they are not S.T. As The Times of India representative in Gandhinagar, Gujarat's capital, Rajiv covered . Leuva Patels claim that they are the descendants of Luv, the elder son of Lord Ram. Ambani has a religious origin, given to individuals belonging to Modh Bania Religion. Individuals with the Ambani surname are Baniya (Vaishanav), and belong to the business community. Significantly, a large number of social thinkers and workers who propagated against the hierarchical features of caste came from urban centres. Traditionally, the Brahman division was supposed to provide the priests for the corresponding divisions. stream This meant that he could marry a girl of any subdivision within the Vania division. Hypergamy was accompanied by sanskritization of at least a section of the tribal population, their claim to the Kshatriya Varna and their economic and political symbiosis with the caste population. Finally, while an increasing number of marriages are taking place even across the boundaries of first-order divisions, as for example, between Brahmans and Vanias, and between Vanias and Patidars, such marriages even now form an extremely small proportion of the total number of marriages. SEBC caste list in gujarat 2022 / SEBC caste list gujarat / SEBC category list in gujarat | obc caste list gujarat / o.b.c. Gujarat (: )(/drt/) is a state of India. The emphasis on being different and separate rather than on being higher and lower was even more marked in the relationship among the forty or so second-order divisions. The surname thus has an occupational origin. The degree of contravention is highest if the couple belong to two different first-order divisions. In some parts of Gujarat they formed 30 to 35 per cent of the population. Sometimes a division corresponding to a division among Brahmans and Vanias was found in a third first-order division also. Some last names such as Aacharya, Desai, Gupta, Joshi, Mehta, and Pandya are derived from Sanskrit words. In other words, it did not involve a big jump from one place to another distant place. But there was also another process. The idea of inter-caste marriage is, moreover, linked with the idea of creating such a society involves a compromise with, if not subtle negation of, the ideal. Although the name of a Brahman or Vania division might be based on a place name, the division was not territorial in nature. surnames are from . The total population of Early industrial labour was also drawn mainly from the urban artisan and servant castes. The Levas, Anavils and Khedawals provide examples of castes whose internal organization had a strong emphasis on the principle of hierarchy and a weak emphasis on that of division. Rabari, Bhopa, Kodiatar Sorathiya Rabari, Champya. Village studies, as far as caste is a part of them, have been, there fore, concerned with the interrelations between sections of various castes in the local context. Some surnames like Patel, Sachan, Gangwar, Katiyar, Mahato are primarily used by Kurmi Kshatriyas but some other castes may also use it but there is more than 95% chance that the person who is using Patel, Gangwar, Katiyar, Sachan, Patil, Shinde etc. Since Rajput as a caste occurred all over northern, central and western India (literally, it means rulers son, ruling son), the discussion of Rajputs in Gujarat will inevitably draw us into their relationship with Rajputs in other regions. // In 1931, their total population was more than 1,700,000, nearly one-fourth of the total population of Gujarat. Forenames. They use modern and traditional medicine. For example, there was considerable ambiguity about the status of Anavils. The migrants, many of whom came from heterogeneous urban centres of Gujarat, became part of an even more heterogeneous environment in Bombay. A comment on the sociology of urban India would, therefore, be in order before we go ahead with the discussion of caste divisions. 4 GUJARAT 4273 SHODA . Get high-quality PDF version by clicking below. The surname refers to those who came from a family of Purohits.. In India Khamar is mostly concentrated in: Gujarat, where 78 percent reside, West Bengal, where 7 percent reside and Telangana, where 6 percent reside. Below a list of Scheduled Caste communities and their population according to the 2001 Census of India in the state of Gujarat. Caste associations in Gujarat were formed mainly among upper castes to provide welfare (including recreation), to promote modern education, and to bring about reforms in caste customs. This does not solve the problem if there are four orders of divisions of the kind found in Gujarat. The name, Talapada, meaning mdigenous, commonly used in the 19th century, is most clear, since it is clearly distinguished from the other division called Pardeshi, meaning foreign, who during the last one or two centuries immigrated here from the area around Patan in north Gujarat and were, therefore, also called Patan- wadias. These marriage links do not seem to have allowed, among the Kolis, formation of well organized, small, endogamous units (ekadas, gols) as were found among some other castes. %PDF-1.7 For example, just as there were Modh Vanias, there were Modh Brahmans, and similarly Khadayata Vanias and Khadayata Brahmans, Shrimali Vanias and Shrimali Brahmans, Nagar Vanias and Nagar Brahmans, and so on. The surname Lakhani means descendant of Lakh. The word Lakh comes from Laksmana, a Sanskrit word which means, one who has auspicious marks. Lakhani is also a common surname among Sindhis. To have a meaningful understanding of the system of caste divisions, there is no alternative but to understand the significance of each order of division and particularly the nature of their boundaries and maintenance mechanisms. to which the divisions of the marrying couple belong. Barot was originally the name of a community that derived itself from the Bhat community. All Brahman divisions did not, however, have a corresponding Vania division. are females thus the Average Sex Ratio of Khamar is Amin was a knighthood bestowed upon the Hindu Gujarati Patels by the Mughal rulers. The Khadayatas were divided into about 30 ekdas. Avail Now! Usually it consisted of wealthy and powerful lineages, distinguishing themselves by some appellation, such as Patidar among the Leva Kanbi, Desai among the Anavil, and Baj among the Khedawal. The castes of the three categoriesprimarily urban, primarily rural, and rural-cum-urbanformed an intricate network spread over the rural and urban communities in the region. Firstly, there were divisions whose population was found almost entirely in towns. : 11-15, 57-75). To illustrate, among the Khadayata or Modh Vanias, an increasing number of marriages take place between two or more tads within an ekda. The larger castes and even larger subdivisions among them used to have their houses segregated on their own streets (called pol, sheri, khadki, vad, khancho). In the second kind of area, indigenous Kolis live side-by-side with immigrant Kolis from an adjoining area. Then there were a number of urban divisions of specialized artisans, craftsmen and servants, as for example, Sonis (gold and silver smiths), Kansaras (copper and bronze smiths), Salvis (silk weavers), Bhavsars (weavers, dyers and printers), Malis (florists), Kharadis (skilled carpenters and wood carvers), Kachhias (vegetable sellers), Darjis (tailors), Dabgars (makers of drums, saddles and such other goods involving leather), Ghanchis (oil pressers), Golas ferain and spice pounders and domestic servants), Dhobis (washermen), Chudgars (banglemakers), and Tambolis (sellers of area nuts, betel leaves, etc.). The following two tabs change content below. Thus as per the Census 2011 the Child Sex Ratio of Khamar is There are 25 male children Co-residence of people, belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a higher order was, however, a prominent feature of towns and cities rather than of villages. This was dramatized in many towns at the mahajan (guild) feasts when all the members of the guild of traders would eat together. By the beginning of British rule in the early 19th century, a considerable number of these chieftains had succeeded in establishing petty chiefdoms, each composed of one, and occasionally more than one, village, in all parts of Gujarat. The surname likely comes from the Hindustani word mistri, which comes from the Portuguese word mestre, meaning an expert or a master. Hindu society is usually described as divided into a number of castes the boundaries of which are maintained by the rule of caste endogamy. Scheduled Caste Population 2002 1. It is assumed the surname would have been a title for a nobleman or noblewoman. 9% Division and hierarchy have always been stressed as the two basic principles of the caste system. Although caste was found in both village and town, did it possess any special characteristics in the latter? The Gujarati surname Choksi derives its name from the Gujarati word Coksi, which means assayer of gold and silver.. There was also a tendency among bachelors past marriageable age to establish liaisons with lower-caste women, which usually led the couple to flee and settle down in a distant village. These prefixes Visa and Dasa, were generally understood to be derived from the words for the numbers 20 (vis) and 10 (das), which suggested a descending order of status, but there is no definite evidence of such hierarchy in action. He stated: hereditary specialization together with hierarchical organization sinks into the background in East Africa (293). All associations originated in large towns, are more active in towns than in villages, and are led by prominent members in towns. It is important to note that the more literate and learned Brahmans lived in towns, more particularly in capital and pilgrim towns, which were, indeed, the centres of higher Hindu culture and civilization. The meaning of this surname is not listed. There was not only no pyramid type of arrangement among the many ekdas in a second-order Vania divisionthe type of arrangement found in the Rajput, Leva Kanbi, Anavil and Khedawal divisions-but frequently there was no significant sign of hierarchical relation, except boastful talk, between two neighbouring ekdas. ), as contrasted with the horizontal unity of the caste. The surname thus refers to a treasurer. In this state with vast sea coast, many foreign races have settled permanently by land and sea route even before the beginning of the history era. Whatever the internal organization of a second-order division, the relationship between most of the Brahman second-order divisions was marked by great emphasis on being different and separate than on being higher and lower. //]]>. Other examples are Daruwala, Doshi, Zariwala, and Screwala. The degree of contravention involved in an inter-divisional marriage, however, depends upon the order (i.e., first-order, second-order, etc.) The Hindu and Muslim kingdoms in Gujarat during the medieval period had, of course, their capital towns, at first Patan and then Ahmedabad. This infographic documents some well-known Gujarati last names derived from the Sanskrit language and their meanings.SaveIllustration: Momjunction Design Team. In the second-order divisions of the Leva Kanbis, the Anavils and the Khedawals, while the hypergamous tendency was strong, attempts were continually made to form small endogamous units: although the strength of the hypergamous tendency did not allow these units to function effectively, they nevertheless checked its free play to some extent. Since these were all status categories rather than clear- cut divisions, I have not considered them as constituting third-order divisions. Bharwad (in the Nesses of the forests of Alech, Barada and Gir). Acharya, a common Gujarati surname, derives its name from Acarya, a Sanskrit word for a spiritual leader, or the one who teaches conduct., The surname originates from a Sanskrit word that means best among priests who perform Yagna.. Similarly, the Vanias were divided into such divisions as Disawal, Kapol, Khadayata, Lad, Modh, Nagar, Nima, Porwad, Shirmali, Vayada, and Zarola. List Of Gujarati Surnames Or Last Names With Meanings, Infographic: Popular Gujarati Surnames Or Last Names. It comes under Khamar Panchayath. The population of certain first-order divisions lived mainly in villages. Kothari derives its name from the words Kotha or Kothar, which means treasury or godown. It probably is a combination of the words screw and wala meaning seller or maker. View the highest/lowest earning families in The United States. Both were recognized as Brahman but as degraded ones. Their origin myth enshrined in their caste purana also showed them to be originally non-Brahman. 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