[7][270][271][272] In 2022, The Economist reported that on at least one occasion, Mohammed beat his wife so severely that medical treatment was required. Seen by many as the power behind his ailing fathers throne, he has ushered in much-needed reform but has been entangled in a series of foreign and domestic controversies. On Mohammeds orders, Saudi operatives lured Khashoggi into the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, where they tortured and dismembered him. Since then, Bezos had only received a promotional video from MBS that promoted Saudi Arabia's economy. [258] Documents filed to the U.S. federal court revealed that Mohammed was served the lawsuit on 22 September 2020 at 4:05p.m. Despite these reforms, Salman and the Saudis have been harshly criticized for continued human rights violations, including the harassment, arrest and imprisonment of critics and activists. (business & personal). Already one of the poorest nations on Earth, Yemen was devastated by the war. "But he's doing it in an Islamic way. No credit card required. Welcome to HouseofSaud.com - here you can find a wealth of information on the Saudi Royal family, including latest news, Saudi Royal history, profiles of King Salman, Mohammed bin Salman, and other prominent members of the family. [89], One of the major motives behind this economic restructure through Vision 2030 can be traced back to Saudi Arabia's reliance on a rentier economy, as a limit on oil resources makes its sustainability a problem in the future. Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Foundation (MiSK Foundation) is a Foundation located in Riyadh Saudi Arabia, Middle East. Among the measures was the partial privatization of Aramco, the state-owned oil company, which Salman claimed would generate $100 billion in an IPO. The company concluded with "medium to high confidence" that Bezos' phone was hacked by a multimedia message sent in May 2018 from Mohammed's WhatsApp account, after which the phone begun transmitting dramatically higher amounts of data. When his father became Crown Prince in 2012, Salmans power expanded, and he increasingly became known as one of Saudi Arabias key figures. free lookups / month. These include regulations restricting the powers of the religious police and improving women's rights, such as the removal of the ban on female drivers in 2018 and weakening the male-guardianship system in 2019. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammed-bin-Salman, Al Jazeera - Profile: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi wealth fund becomes biggest outside Nintendo investor, AMC exits Saudi Arabia as young cinema market booms. The change of succession had been predicted by many experts on the royal family after the then Deputy Crown Prince showed great leadership as head of the Saudi Military. The name of the Foundation comes from "misk" ("musk" in English); the perfume is a symbol of generosity and benevolence. The Haramain Express is 450km line travelling up to 300km/h that can transport around 60million passengers annually. After obtaining a law degree from King Saud University, he served as an advisor to his father. [221], In October 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, a critic of Mohammed, went missing after entering the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. Trump also believes that Mohammed at least knew about the plan, saying that "the prince is running things over there more so at this stage. Sign up for a free account. [183], In August 2018, a report by The Intercept cited unnamed sources claiming that former U.S. secretary of state Rex Tillerson had in June 2017 intervened to stop a Saudi-Emirati plan to invade Qatar, resulting in increased pressure from Saudi Arabia and the UAE for his removal from office. The Prince was named chair of the newly established Council for Economic and Development Affairs four days after his appointment as Defence Minister, on 29 January 2015. Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Foundation (MiSK Foundation) is a Foundation located in Riyadh Saudi Arabia, Middle East. Meanwhile, the economic fallout from the pandemic and Russias invasion of Ukraine revitalized Mohammeds stature as a global economic player in 2022. In October 2018 Mohammed orchestrated the extrajudicial killing abroad of Jamal Khashoggi, a prominent journalist and exiled government critic who once served as an adviser and aide to a Saudi ambassador. It was thought that a Houthi victory might give Iran, Saudi Arabias main regional rival, a foothold along Saudi Arabias southern border. [204] Kushner also inquired as to how the U.S. could support Mohammed in the succession process. The Prince took over the defence ministry portfolio at the same age as his predecessor, Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz, who was the first to occupy the office at the same age and served in the position until he became crown Prince in 2011. He also served as minister of defense (201522). He was personally linked to the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi Arabian Washington Post columnist who had criticised the Saudi government, but he has denied involvement in the killing. When he announced an anti-terrorist military alliance of Islamic countries in December 2015, some of the countries involved said they had not been consulted. This would allow then-crown prince Salman bin Abdulaziz, Prince Mohammed's father, to take the throne. [69][71] According to human rights groups, arrests of human rights activists have risen under Mohammed. [245] According to an interview in a PBS documentary film recorded in December 2018 and parts released in September 2019, Mohammed bears responsibility for the killing of Khashoggi since it happened under his watch but he denies any knowledge of the murder in advance. He immediately appointed Mohammed as his defense minister. "[143][144][145] On 23 April 2019, 37 people, mostly Shia human rights activists involved in the Qatif conflict, were executed in one of the largest mass executions of the minority sect in the kingdom's history. Saudi officials said they are "working to search for him". "[45], Another hypothesis was that the purge was part of a move towards reform. Walid wrote on Twitter that the Saudi state security laid a proposal for Loujain to sign a document and appear on camera to deny that she had been tortured and sexually harassed in jail. Prince Mohammed bin Salman has vexed financial officials at times as he pushes pet projects on the Public Investment Fund, including a deal with Jared Kushner. The detainees were held without legal representation and were eventually released after paying stiff fines. [7] Fahda is a granddaughter of Rakan bin Hithlain and great-granddaughter of Dhaydan bin Hithlain, who were heads of the Al Ajman tribe. On 28 September 2021, U.S. president Joe Biden's national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, met with Mohammed in Saudi Arabia to discuss the high oil prices. Salman was named Crown Prince in 2017, after winning a power struggle with the appointed heir. The squad was identified and returned by Canadian authorities. Search over 700 Conflict Armament Research (CAR) reported that these weapons frequently ended up in the hands of the Islamic State members. [227][228], Mohammed has denied any involvement in the murder and blamed the assassination on rogue operators. The plans for a 334-square kilometre city include a safari and a Six Flags theme park. Another regional conflict turned sour in June 2017, when another Saudi- and UAE-led coalition cut off diplomatic relations with the Gulf nation of Qatar. "[185], Andrew Smith, of Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT), said that British foreign secretaries Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt "have played an utterly central and complicit role in arming and supporting the Saudi-led destruction of Yemen. He married Princess Sarah bint Mashhoor in 2008, and the couple has four children. [15], In June 2012, Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz died. The commercial operations of the railway began on 11 October 2018. Vision 2030 plans to reform Saudi Arabia's economy towards a more diversified and privatised structure. Though the three-year blockade led to a crisis for Qatar in the short-term, the country used its wealth to reorient its economy away from reliance on its fellow Gulf countries. [212], After Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, Saudi Arabia declined U.S. requests to increase oil production and thus undercut Russia's war finances. [190], In December 2017, Mohammed criticised the United States' decision to recognise Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. No credit card required. Get contact details including emails and phone numbers : 966-1-405-7777 Fax: 966-1-405-9042. ", "Saudi Arabia: Arrest of two prominent activists a deadly blow for human rights", "Saudi security forces clamp down on dissent", "Saudi Prosecutor Says 17 Detained in Case Against Activists", "Saudi police arrest three more women's rights activists", "Saudi Arabia releases eight people held in activist crackdown", "Dr Hatoon Ajwad al-Fassi ", "Prominent Saudi women's rights activist detained as driving ban lifted: sources", "Saudis arrest another women's right activist", "Saudi Arabia seeks death penalty against female human rights activist", "Saudi Arabia 'seeks death penalty for woman activist', "Saudi Prosecution Seeks Death Penalty for Female Activist", "Who Is Israa al-Ghomgham? [62][63] It has been heavily influenced by the views of his former adviser Saud al-Qahtani[64][65] and the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Mohammed bin Zayed. Every other source of Islamic law, he said, is open to interpretationand he is therefore entitled to interpret them as he sees fit. Human rights activists and women's rights activists in Saudi Arabia routinely face abuse and torture by the regime. In an interview televised in Saudi Arabia on 25 April 2021, Mohammed criticised the devotion of Saudi religious leaders to Wahhabi doctrines "in language never before used by a Saudi monarch", saying "there are no fixed schools of thought and there is no infallible person", and that fatwas "should be based on the time, place and mindset in which they are issued", rather than regarded as immutable. However, Western countries are not convinced and believe this could not have happened without Mohammed's knowledge or approval. No credit card required. Saudi Arabia's de facto ruler, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, fired back at US President Joe Biden after the president confronted him about the 2018 murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi . The Prince is a direct descendant of the Sudairi tribe which heavily influences and shapes the current political landscape of the Kingdom. [74] Journalist Graeme Wood writes, "it is hard to exaggerate how drastically this sidelining of Islamic law will change Saudi Arabia. [266] The report points to circumstantial evidence: first, a November 2018 message from Mohammed to Bezos includes an image resembling the woman Bezos was having an affair with, despite the affair not being public knowledge at the time; second, a February 2019 text from Mohammed to Bezos urges Bezos not to believe everything, after Bezos was briefed on the phone regarding an Internet campaign against him conducted by Saudis. [129] The following day, the Human Rights Commission of Saudi Arabia reported the enactment of a royal decree abolishing the death penalty for crimes committed by minors. Emaar Square Downtown Dubai, Dubai, Dubai 9440, AE, View [25] In 2016, he shared his idea for "Green cards" for non-Saudi foreigners with Al Arabiya journalist Turki Aldakhil. En 2015, el rey Salman relev al prncipe heredero Muqrin de su cargo y nombr a Mohammed bin Nayef como el nuevo prncipe heredero, el siguiente en la lnea de sucesin al trono. [84], In December 2022, Saudi Arabia's Education and Training Evaluation Commission (ETEC) declared a governmental ban on Muslim female students from wearing the traditional abaya clothing to examination centres; insisting that students should wear only school uniforms. Said to be under investigation for treason, the detainees included princes much closer to the throne, including King Salmans brother Ahmad and Muhammad bin Nayef, the former crown prince that Mohammed bin Salman had replaced. Salman ceded the position of prime minister to Mohammed in 2022. For Saudi Arabias long-marginalized and repressed women, recent years have seen dramatic changes. The Saudi government was believed to have collected more than $100 billion from the move. Traditionally, the king has held the title of prime minister. Steven Mufson of The Washington Post argues that Mohammed "knows that only if he can place the royal family under the law, and not above as it was in the past, can he ask the whole country to change their attitudes relative to taxes [and] subsidies. [276][277], In December 2017, a number of sources reported that Mohammed, using his close associate Prince Badr bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Farhan as an intermediary, had bought Salvator Mundi by Leonardo da Vinci; the sale in November at $450.3million set a new record price for a work of art. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Saudi monarchy had been supporting anti-Assad rebels, while Russians were bombing rebel-held cities in support of Assad, killing tens of thousands of Syrian civilians in the process. Meet Sara bint Mashoor bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Mike Pompeo praises Mohammed bin Salmans record, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Vlaimir Putin discuss oil market strategy, Cristiano Ronaldo enjoying life in Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia to host boxing match between Tommy Fury and Jake Paul, Saudi Royals condemn Israeli massacre in Jenin, Palestine, Relations improve between Biden and Mohammed bin Salman, Mohammed bin Salmans PIF finalising Manchester United bid, Saudi Royal Family Sign Counter-Terrorism Agreement with King of Morocco, Saudi Royal Family arrest 142 government officials on corruption charges, Turki al-Sheikh urges crowd to give Ronaldo a warm welcome in Riyadh. And believe this could not have happened without Mohammed 's father, to take throne! 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