[142], The historian David Starkey described him as a kind of "HRH Victor Meldrew". Prince Charles, their oldest child, is the heir apparent to the throne. "[133], Philip's down-to-earth manner was attested to by a White House butler who recalled that, on a visit in 1979, Philip had engaged him and a fellow butler in a conversation and poured them drinks. The Duke's uncle, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, advocated the name House of Mountbatten. Philip married for a third time to Elisabeth of Valois, the daughter of King Henri II of France in 1559. [56], After her accession to the throne, the Queen also announced that the Duke was to have "place, pre-eminence and precedence" next to her "on all occasions and in all meetings, except where otherwise provided by Act of Parliament". He devised a plan to launch a raft with smoke floats that successfully distracted the bombers, allowing the ship to slip away unnoticed. [66], In 1956, the Duke, with Kurt Hahn, founded The Duke of Edinburgh's Award in order to give young people "a sense of responsibility to themselves and their communities". Prime Minister Theresa May thanked him for "a remarkable lifetime of service". During the visit, the Queen and Louis Mountbatten asked his nephew Philip to escort the King's two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, who were Philip's third cousins through Queen Victoria, and second cousins once removed through King Christian IX of Denmark. [128] He was presented with Royal Air Force wings in 1953. [15] In 1933, he was sent to Schule Schloss Salem in Germany, which had the "advantage of saving school fees" because it was owned by the family of his brother-in-law, Berthold, Margrave of Baden. Prince William is the elder son of Princess Diana and Prince Charles of Wales, and is next in line for the British throne after his father. Prince Andrew, the brother of Prince Charles, is the Duke of York and eighth in line to the British throne. [21] In June 1942, he was appointed to the V and W-class destroyer and flotilla leader HMS Wallace, which was involved in convoy escort tasks on the east coast of Britain, as well as the Allied invasion of Sicily. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. The press accused Philip of being hostile to the match, to which he replied "I haven't done anything." [27], Promotion to lieutenant followed on 16 July 1942. At the behest of the Greek king, George II, he returned to Britain in September to resume training for the Royal Navy. Philip attended the MacJannet American School before he was sent to the United Kingdom to study at the Cheam School. "[147] The British press reported on the remark as indicative of racial intolerance, but the Chinese authorities were reportedly unconcerned. [86] The royal family's seclusion caused public dismay,[86] but the public mood changed after a live broadcast made by the Queen on 5 September. Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark was born in Mon Repos on the Greek island of Corfu on 10 June 1921, the only son and fifth and final child of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg. He perceived that the power of the French monarch would never be extended until the Plantagenets power was defeated. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Prince Philip's affairs on Queen Elizabeth II are a major plot point in season 2 of The Crown. Chinese students studying in the UK, an official explained, were often told in jest not to stay away too long, lest they go "round-eyed". [124] He had not been seen in public since attending Lady Gabriella Kingston's wedding in May 2019. The Conquests of Philip II The reign of King Philip II Augustus was an important turning point. Edward, Earl of Wessex is the youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. As with Townsend, the press still portrayed divorce as a scandal and eventually Parker resigned. Wendover hints that John, who had beaten a precipitous retreat to England, preferred “enjoying all the pleasures of life” with his barely teenaged bride, boasting that he had plenty of money to retake all that had been lost. The Spanish Armada conjures up images of age-old rivalries, bravery and treachery. The new military government arrested Prince Andrew, along with others. This important new book sheds new light on Philip II of Spain, England's forgotten sovereign. She celebrated 65 years on the throne in February 2017 with her Sapphire Jubilee. [117] Philip attended hospital the next morning as a precaution. [57] Contrary to rumours over the years, the Queen and Duke are said by insiders to have had a strong relationship throughout their marriage, despite the challenges of Elizabeth's reign. Prince Charles, the oldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, is the heir apparent to the British throne. [34] By March 1947, Philip had abandoned his Greek and Danish royal titles, had adopted the surname Mountbatten from his mother's family, and had become a naturalised British subject. From July 1939, he began corresponding with the 13-year-old Princess Elizabeth, whom he had first met in 1934. King Philip’s War of New England By Charles M. Andrews, 1918 King Philip’s War, also called the First Indian War and Metacom’s War was an armed conflict in 1675-78 between American Indians and New England colonists and their Indian allies. He was also awarded the Greek War Cross. His first airborne flying lesson took place in 1952; by his 70th birthday he had accrued 5,150 pilot hours. Elizabeth and Philip began to exchange letters, which would continue for the next several years. Many of Philip's family members remained in Germany, including his sisters, who married into German aristocratic circles. He achieved that dignity when he married Queen Mary ('Bloody Mary', r.1553-58) in July 1554, and surrendered it when she died in November 1558. As the husband of Mary I, he had been King of England and had seen the opportunity to bring the country into his Catholic empire. [111], On 3 April 2018, Philip was admitted to King Edward VII's Hospital for a planned hip replacement, which took place the next day. In 1993, scientists were able to confirm the identity of the remains of several members of the Romanov family, more than 70 years after their massacre in 1918, by comparing their mitochondrial DNA to living matrilineal relatives, including Philip. A former theater and television producer, Edward remains active in charity. [24], On 1 February 1941,[25] Philip was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant after a series of courses at Portsmouth, in which he gained the top grade in four out of five sections of the qualifying examination. She regarded divorce as a sadness, not a hanging offence. For six months, over 1953–54, Philip and Elizabeth toured the Commonwealth; as with previous tours the children were left in Britain. Alexandra, pp. Philip married Queen Elizabeth II before her ascension to the British throne in 1952. Prince Andrew's life was also believed to be in danger, and Princess Alice was under surveillance. Philip escorted their two young daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, who were distant cousins of Philip’s through Queen Victoria. Menary later said: "I think he just tries to put people at ease by trying to make a joke. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich, also known as Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, is the only son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg. Princess Anne, the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, is best known for her charitable work and equestrian talents. The annuity is unaffected by the reform of royal finances under the Sovereign Grant Act 2011. After their marriage, the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh took up residence at Clarence House. The Duke of Edinburgh's time as royal consort exceeds that of any other consort in British history. [102] After a recurrence of infection in August 2012, while staying at Balmoral Castle, he was admitted to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary for five nights as a precautionary measure. Drake, James D. King Philip’s War: Civil War in New England, 1675-1676. He was the King of England from seizing the crown on August 22, 1485 until his death on April 21, 1509, and the first monarch of the House of Tudor. [152], The Duke of Edinburgh was appointed by King George VI to the Order of the Garter on 19 November 1947, the eve of his wedding. Their marriage at Winchester Cathedralon 25 July 1554 took place just two days after their first meeting. [122] The Duke is still allowed to drive around private estates, and was seen behind the wheel in the grounds of Windsor Castle in April 2019. 129–130; Vickers, pp. [127] He was also a keen yachtsman and struck up a friendship in 1949 with Uffa Fox, in Cowes. Their first two children were born before Elizabeth succeeded her father as monarch in 1952: Prince Charles in 1948 and Princess Anne in 1950. In 1939, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother Elizabeth) toured the Royal Naval College. King Philip II ’s decision to attempt an overthrow of Queen Elizabeth I was several years in the making. [78] In 2017, the British Heart Foundation thanked Prince Philip for being its patron for 55 years, during which time, in addition to organising fundraisers, he "supported the creation of nine BHF-funded centres of excellence". Further press reports claimed that the Queen and the Duke were drifting apart, which enraged the Duke and dismayed the Queen, who issued a strongly worded denial. For other uses, see, member of the British royal family, consort to Queen Elizabeth II, The generations are numbered from the implementation of hereditary monarchy by, Generations are numbered by their descent from, Sorted by (historical) entity at time of grant, Honours and honorary military appointments, He was born on 10 June 1921 according to the. In 1922, Philip's uncle, the king of Greece, was forced to abdicate after the debacle of the Greco-Turkish War. [62], As consort to the Queen, Philip supported his wife in her new duties as sovereign, accompanying her to ceremonies such as the State Opening of Parliament in various countries, state dinners, and tours abroad. [97] While staying at Sandringham House, the royal residence in Norfolk, on 23 December 2011, the Duke suffered chest pains and was taken to the cardio-thoracic unit at Papworth Hospital, Cambridgeshire, where he underwent successful coronary angioplasty and stenting. During the invasion of Sicily, in July 1943, as second in command of Wallace, he saved his ship from a night bomber attack. On the return leg of the journey, Philip's private secretary, Mike Parker, was sued for divorce by his wife. [19], After leaving Gordonstoun in early 1939, Philip completed a term as a cadet at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, then repatriated to Greece, living with his mother in Athens for a month in mid-1939. King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. Philip's father arranged his marriage to 37-year-old Queen Mary I of England, Charles V'smaternal first cousin. I certainly didn't take any offence. [28] In October of the same year, he became first lieutenant of HMS Wallace, at 21 years old one of the youngest first lieutenants in the Royal Navy. On the morning of the wedding, Philip became the Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich. Shortly after his birth, his maternal grandfather, Prince Louis of Battenberg, died in London. In British royalty, the wife of a king is called a queen consort, but the husband of a queen is called a prince consort, not a king consort. [125] A photo of Philip with the Queen as they isolated at Windsor Castle during the COVID-19 pandemic was released ahead of his 99th birthday in June 2020. Originally holding the title and style of a prince of Greece and Denmark, Philip abandoned these royal titles prior to his marriage, and was thereafter created a British duke, among other noble titles. However, because of the central role in the conflict played by the Narragansetts , who composed the largest Native American group then in southern New England, some historians refer to the conflict as the Great Narragansett War. Philip suggested House of Edinburgh, after his ducal title. In the summer of 1946, Philip asked King George for his daughter's hand in marriage after allegedly proposing to Elizabeth first. [67] The Queen and the children remained in the UK. While not British, Philip does have family ties to England. King Philip of England David Loades looks at the man who was king of England in his youth, and her bitter enemy thirty years later. [107][108], Prince Philip retired from his royal duties on 2 August 2017, meeting Royal Marines in his final solo public engagement, aged 96. In their grief, Diana's two sons, Princes William and Harry, wanted to attend church and so their grandparents took them that morning. He was discharged the following day. In the same year, he also established the Commonwealth Study Conferences. He and Elizabeth eventually had four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward. He is known for his military service and charitable work. [98] He was discharged on 27 December. The prince has authored a number of books: Philip has held a number of titles throughout his life. [134] As well as a reputation for bluntness and plain speaking,[135] Philip is noted for occasionally making observations and jokes that have been construed as either funny, or as gaffes: awkward, politically incorrect, or even offensive, but sometimes perceived as stereotypical of someone of his age and background. [106] He spent two nights in the hospital and was unable to attend the State Opening of Parliament and Royal Ascot. During the 1930s, he relocated to a school in Germany and then moved again to Scotland's Gordonstoun School, founded by Jewish headmaster Kurt Hahn following the rise of the Nazi party. He was born in Greece, but his family was exiled from the country when he was an infant. Victoria Mountbatten, Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven, George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven, Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich, Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten, List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Princess Beatrice, Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia, Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia, Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, "Do your DofE – The Duke of Edinburgh's Award", "A strange life: Profile of Prince Philip", "Prince Philip's war heroics come to light after 60 years", "Queen and Duke of Edinburgh celebrate 65th wedding anniversary", "HRH The Duke of Edinburgh (Lords Sitting of 21 July 1948)", "Earl Mountbatten of Burma (Lords Sitting of 21 July 1948)", "The Duke of Edinburgh > Military involvement", "Emma Soames: As Churchills we're proud to do our duty", "Supplement to The London Gazette of Friday, 5th February 1960", "Prince Philip: The Man At The Queen's Side", "Prince Philip (HRH The Duke of Edinburgh)", "Duke of Edinburgh attended boxing match as first of 22,000 official duties", "Prince William succeeds the Duke of Edinburgh as he gives up royal role", "Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Talks Love of and Involvement in Combined Driving", "The Duke of Edinburgh: Activities and interests", "Our Chief Executive thanks Prince Philip for his commitment as Patron", "St Edmund's College – University of Cambridge", "Prince Philip, 97, becomes third oldest royal (and oldest ever male) in British history – but who is number one? An official statement said he was uninjured. The inhabitants of some villages on the island of Tanna, Vanuatu worship Prince Philip as a god; the islanders possess portraits of the Duke and hold feasts on his birthday.[153]. Philip had not interfered, preferring to stay out of other people's love lives. His first solo engagement as Duke of Edinburgh was in March 1948, presenting prizes at the boxing finals of the London Federation of Boys' Clubs at the Royal Albert Hall. [11] In 1928, he was sent to the United Kingdom to attend Cheam School, living with his maternal grandmother, Victoria Mountbatten, Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven, at Kensington Palace and his uncle, George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven, at Lynden Manor in Bray, Berkshire. The supporters are, dexter, the figure of Hercules proper, and sinister, a lion queue fourche ducally crowned or, gorged with a naval coronet azure."[161]. Upon his wife's accession to the throne in 1952, the Duke was appointed Admiral of the Sea Cadet Corps, Colonel-in-Chief of the British Army Cadet Force, and Air Commodore-in-Chief of the Air Training Corps. After the war, Philip was granted permission by George VI to marry Elizabeth. Called by his father, Philip left England on 29 Aug 1555. Philip left active military service when Elizabeth became queen in 1952, having reached the rank of commander, and was formally made a British prince in 1957. [64], In the early 1950s, his sister-in-law, Princess Margaret, considered marrying a divorced older man, Peter Townsend. [31], In 1939, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth toured the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. Philip, Alexandra, and her children are all descended from Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, the daughter of Queen Victoria, through a purely female line. [6] The British naval vessel HMS Calypso evacuated Prince Andrew's family, with Philip carried to safety in a cot made from a fruit box. [129] In April 2014, it was reported that an old British Pathe newsreel film had been discovered of Philip's 1962 two-month flying tour of South America. In 1939, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth toured the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. A dashing naval officer, he already had a string of … Prince Philip was born on the island of Corfu in Greece, on June 10, 1921. Philip’s third marriage, with Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II of France, in 1559, was the result of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which, for a generation, ended the open wars between Spain and France. [156] In 1975, he was appointed Colonel of the Grenadier Guards, a position he handed over to his son Andrew in 2017. They were married on November 20, 1947, at Westminster Abbey, in a ceremony broadcast throughout the world by radio. [155] Subsequent military appointments were made in New Zealand and Australia. After Princess Diana died in a car crash in 1997, Philip participated in her funeral, walking with grandsons William and Harry in the procession. History of King Philip’s War. An official inquest found no evidence of conspiracy, however, and the crash was ruled accidental. By June 1204, the French king, Philip Augustus, had conquered Normandy. [76][better source needed] He served as UK president of the World Wildlife Fund from 1961 to 1982, international president from 1981, and president emeritus from 1996. Prince Philip has eight grandchildren: Prince William, Duke of Cambridge; Prince Henry of Wales; Peter Phillips; Zara Tindall; Princess Beatrice of York; Princess Eugenie of York; Lady Louise Windsor; and James, Viscount Severn. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! [143] For example, in May 1999, British newspapers accused Philip of insulting deaf children at a pop concert in Wales by saying, "No wonder you are deaf listening to this row. [104] On 21 May 2014, the Prince appeared in public with a bandage on his right hand after a "minor procedure" was performed in Buckingham Palace the preceding day. This came after the Duke missed the annual Maundy and Easter Sunday services. 284–285, 433. Elizabeth of France, Married 1559 - 1568. [160], From 1947 to 1949: I never thought I'd see such a thing", "Prince Philip at 90 on a lifetime of speaking his mind", "Prince Philip right to have a dig at Durie", "AM – Prince Philip reminded of blunders on his 85th birthday", "Prince Philip Has a Mouthful Of a Title. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark,[1] 10 June 1921)[fn 1] is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. Over the next few years, Mohamed Fayed, whose son Dodi Fayed was also killed in the crash, claimed that Prince Philip had ordered the death of Diana and that the accident was staged. "[144] Later Philip wrote, "The story is largely invention. Prince Harry is the second son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Princess Diana. He is a direct descendant of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia via his paternal grandmother Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia. Philip and Richard’s relationship eventually soured. On 12 April, his daughter, Princess Anne, spent about 50 minutes in the hospital and afterwards said her father was "on good form". [46] On 16 July 1950, he was promoted to lieutenant commander and given command of the frigate HMS Magpie. [109][110] On 20 November 2017, he celebrated his 70th wedding anniversary with the Queen, which made her the first British monarch to celebrate a platinum wedding anniversary. [113] That October, he accompanied the Queen to the wedding of their granddaughter Princess Eugenie to Jack Brooksbank,[114] with The Daily Telegraph reporting that Philip works on a "wake up and see how I feel" basis when deciding whether to attend an event or not. [99], On 4 June 2012, during the celebrations in honour of his wife's Diamond Jubilee, Philip was taken from Windsor Castle to King Edward VII's Hospital suffering from a bladder infection. Entertaining passages relating to Philip’s War which began in the month of June, 1675. [94][95], In June 2011, in an interview marking his 90th birthday he said that he would now slow down and reduce his duties, stating that he had "done [his] bit". He had four older sisters: Cecilie, Sophie, Margarita and Theodora. Elizabeth of France was the daughter of Henry II of France … "Living off the State, A critical guide to UK Royal Finance", Jon Temple, 2nd edition 2012, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, Starkey, speaking on BBC News Radio Four, 10 June 2011, Letter of 4 June 1999 quoted in Brandreth, p. 46. [2] He is the longest-serving consort of a reigning British monarch and the oldest ever male member of the British royal family. [5], The war went badly for Greece, and the Turks made large gains. ", "Statement From Buckingham Palace Following the Evening Standard's Story Entitled 'Prince Philip Defies Cancer Scare, "British Paper Retracts Story Claiming Prince Philip Has Prostate Cancer", "Paper apologises for Prince Philip story", "Prince Philip Turns 90 and Vows to 'Slow Down, "New title for Duke of Edinburgh as he turns 90", "Prince Philip has heart procedure at Papworth Hospital", "Prince Philip in hospital and to miss Diamond Jubilee concert", "Britain's Prince Philip released from hospital in time for his birthday", "Prince Philip leaves Aberdeen hospital after five nights", "Prince Philip leaves hospital, will recuperate at Windsor Castle", "Duke of Edinburgh has 'minor procedure' on hand", "Prince Philip admitted to hospital with infection and misses State Opening of Parliament", "Prince Philip to spend second night in hospital", "UK's Prince Philip Discharged from Hospital after Treatment for Infection", "Prince Philip carries out final royal engagement before retirement", "Prince Philip carries out final official engagement", "Queen and Prince Philip portraits released to mark 70th anniversary", "Princess Eugenie wedding in pictures: Splendid hats and gusts of wind", "Duke of Edinburgh 'will decide at last moment' whether he attends royal wedding of Princess Eugenie", "Prince Philip crash: Duke 'asked if everyone else was alright' after car 'tumbled' across road leaving him bleeding", "Prince Philip has not said sorry for car crash, injured woman claims", "Prince Philip undergoes hospital checks after car crash", "Prince Philip sends personal apology to victims of Sandringham car crash", "Prince Philip gives up driving licence three weeks after car crash", "Prince Philip, 97, gives up driving licence", "Prince Philip will not be prosecuted over car crash, says CPS", "Prince Philip 'spotted behind wheel for first time since giving up licence, "Prince Philip leaves hospital to spend Christmas with the Queen", "Prince Philip taken to hospital as a 'precautionary measure, "Prince Philip: Photo with Queen to mark Duke of Edinburgh's 99th birthday", "Royal couples' grandparents' jet-age meeting", "Truth behind Prince George's love of aviation", "I'm tickled to death.